Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Gulf Island Fabrication, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Gulf Island,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a leading fabricator of complex steel structures, modules and marine vessels, and a provider of project management, hookup, commissioning, repair, maintenance and civil construction services. Our customers include U.S. and, to a lesser extent, international energy producers; refining, petrochemical, LNG, industrial, power and marine operators; EPC companies; and certain agencies of the U.S. government. We operate and manage our business through two operating divisions (“Shipyard” and “Fabrication & Services”) and one non-operating division (“Corporate”), which represent our reportable segments. Our corporate headquarters is located in Houston, Texas and our operating facilities are located in Houma, Louisiana. See Note 3 for discussion of our closures of the Jennings Yard and Lake Charles Yard.

Significant projects in our backlog include the fabrication of modules for an offshore facility and marine docking structures; material supply for an offshore jacket and deck; and construction of three regional class research vessels, three vehicle ferries, and five towing, salvage and rescue ships.  Projects completed in recent years include the expansion of a paddlewheel riverboat; fabrication of an offshore jacket and deck, modules for a petrochemical facility, and a meteorological tower and platform for an offshore wind project, and construction of ten harbor tugs, an ice-breaker tug and two towboats. Other completed projects include the fabrication of wind turbine foundations for the first offshore wind project in the U.S.; and construction of two technologically advanced OSVs, two of the largest liftboats servicing the Gulf of Mexico (“GOM”), one of the deepest production jackets in the GOM, and the first single point anchor reservoir hull fabricated in the U.S.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements (“Financial Statements”) reflect all wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”).   

Liquidity Outlook

In recent years our operating results and cash flows have been impacted by lower margins due to competitive pricing, a significant under-utilization of our facilities and losses on certain projects.  As a result, we implemented initiatives to improve and maintain our liquidity (including further reducing the compensation of our executive officers and directors and reducing the size of our board), reduce our reliance on the fabrication of structures and marine vessels associated with the offshore oil and gas sector, improve our resource utilization and centralize key project resources (including the closures of our Jennings Yard and Lake Charles Yard and combination of our former Fabrication and Services Divisions), and improve our competitiveness and project execution. See Note 10 for discussion of our realigned reportable segments and Note 3 for discussion of our closures of the Jennings Yard and Lake Charles Yard. These initiatives are ongoing, and while our ability to achieve our goals has been negatively impacted by the ongoing global coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and volatile oil prices (discussed further below) and while we can provide no assurances that the initiatives will achieve our desired results, we believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operating expenses, meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements, and satisfy any debt service obligations or other funding requirements, for at least twelve months from the filing date of this Report.

Operating Cycle

The durations of our contracts vary, but typically extend beyond twelve months from the date of contract award. Consistent with industry practice, assets and liabilities have been classified as current under the operating cycle concept whereby all contract-related items are classified as current regardless of whether cash will be received or paid within a twelve-month period. Assets and liabilities classified as current which may not be received or paid within the next twelve months include contract retainage, contract assets, deferred revenue and contract liabilities. Variations from normal contract terms may result in the classification of assets and liabilities as long-term.

 


 

Use of Estimates

General The preparation of our Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities.  We believe our most significant estimates and judgments are associated with revenue recognition for our contracts, including application of the percentage-of-completion method, estimating costs to complete each contract and the recognition of incentives, unapproved change orders, claims and liquidated damages; fair value and recoverability assessments that must be periodically performed with respect to long-lived assets and our assets held for sale; determination of deferred income tax assets, liabilities and related valuation allowances; reserves for bad debts; liabilities related to self-insurance programs; and the impacts of COVID-19 and volatile oil prices on our business, estimates and judgments as discussed further below. If the underlying estimates and assumptions upon which our Financial Statements are based change in the future, actual amounts may differ materially from those included in the Financial Statements.

COVID-19 and Volatile Oil Prices – COVID-19 is a widespread public health crisis that continues to adversely affect global economies and financial markets. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic and the U.S. President announced a national emergency relating to COVID-19. National, state and local authorities recommended physical distancing and many authorities imposed quarantine and isolation measures on large portions of the population, including mandatory business closures. Authorities in some areas of the U.S. began to relax these restrictions in the second quarter 2020. However, the country, including areas where we have our headquarters and operating facilities, experienced multiple periods of resurgence in the numbers of cases of the virus in both the third and fourth quarters of 2020.  Authorities have reacted to these resurgences by deferring the phasing out of these restrictions and, in some instances, re-imposing quarantine and isolation measures during the fourth quarter 2020. The measures taken, while intended to protect human life, have had and are expected to continue to have a serious adverse impact on domestic and foreign economies of uncertain severity and duration. Moreover, governmental and commercial responses to COVID-19 have exacerbated the already weakened condition of the energy industry, further reducing the demand for oil, and further depressing and creating volatility in oil prices. On June 8, 2020, the National Bureau of Economic Research indicated that the U.S. economy entered a recession in February 2020, and the duration and severity of this recession, which is ongoing, remains unclear at this time. Any prolonged period of economic slowdown or recession could have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition and financial condition of our customers, subcontractors and other counterparties. The longer-term effectiveness of economic stabilization efforts, including government payments to impacted citizens and industries, is uncertain. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized three COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use, the overall supply of these vaccines may be limited or otherwise hampered by delivery issues, and distribution may therefore be delayed.  Even with widespread distribution and acceptance of these vaccines, their long-term efficacy is unknown.   The extent to which COVID-19 and the related contraction in oil demand and the resulting reduction and volatility in crude oil prices may adversely impact our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows depends on future developments that are highly uncertain and unpredictable.  This current level of uncertainty means the ultimate business and financial impacts of COVID-19 and reduction and volatility in crude oil prices cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but have included, or may include, among other things, reduced bidding activity, suspension or termination of backlog, deterioration of customer financial condition, potential supply disruptions and unanticipated project costs due to project disruptions and schedule delays, lower labor productivity, increased employee and contractor absenteeism and turnover, craft labor hiring challenges, lack of performance by subcontractors and suppliers, and contract disputes. Events and changes in circumstances arising after this Report resulting from the impacts of COVID-19 and volatile oil prices, if any, will be reflected in management’s estimates for future periods.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the assumed conversion of dilutive securities.  See Note 9 for calculations of our basic and diluted income (loss) per share.

Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

Cash Equivalents We consider investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Short-term Investments – We consider investments with original maturities of more than three months but less than twelve months to be short-term investments. At December 31, 2020, our short-term investments include U.S. Treasuries with original maturities of less than six months. We intend to hold these investments until maturity, and it is not more likely than not that we would be required to sell the investments prior to their maturity.   The investments are stated at amortized costs, which approximates fair value due to their near-term maturities. All short-term investments are traded on active markets with quoted prices and represent level 1 fair value measurements.

Inventory

Inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value determined using the first-in-first-out basis.  The cost of inventory includes acquisition costs, production or conversion costs, and other costs incurred to bring the inventory to a current location and condition.  Net realizable value is our estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.  An allowance for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based on an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, estimates of future sales and salvage value.  See Note 3 for further discussion of our inventory impairments.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

In the normal course of business, we extend credit to our customers on a short-term basis and contract receivables are generally not collateralized; however, we typically have the right to place liens on our projects in the event of nonpayment by our customers. We routinely review individual contract receivable balances for collectability and make provisions for probable uncollectible amounts as necessary. Among the factors considered in our review are the financial condition of our customer and its access to financing, underlying disputes with the customer, the age and value of the receivable balance, and economic conditions in general. See Note 2 for further discussion of our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Stock-Based Compensation

Awards under our stock-based compensation plans are calculated using a fair value-based measurement method. We use the straight-line method to recognize share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the award.  We recognize the excess tax benefit or tax deficiency resulting from the difference between the deduction we receive for tax purposes and the stock-based compensation expense we recognize for financial reporting purposes created when common stock vests, as an income tax benefit or expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations (“Statement of Operations”).  See Note 7 for further discussion of our stock-based and other compensation plans.

Tax payments made on behalf of employees to taxing authorities in order to satisfy employee income tax withholding obligations from the vesting of shares under our stock-based compensation plans are classified as a financing activity on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (“Statement of Cash Flows”).

Assets Held for Sale

Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. See Note 3 for further discussion of our assets held for sale.

Depreciation Expense

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from three to 25 years. Ordinary maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the physical or economic lives of the plant or equipment, are charged to expense as incurred. See Note 4 for further discussion of our property, plant and equipment.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and our lease assets included within other noncurrent assets, are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  If a recoverability assessment is required, we compare the estimated future undiscounted cash flow associated with the asset or asset group to its carrying amount to determine if an impairment exists. An asset group constitutes the minimum level for which identifiable cash flows are principally independent of the cash flows of other assets or asset groups. An impairment loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount and the excess of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group over its fair value is recorded as an impairment charge. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, appraised values or third-party indications of value, as appropriate.  See Note 3 for further discussion of our long-lived asset impairments.

Leases

We record a right-of-use asset and an offsetting lease liability on our Balance Sheet equal to the present value of our lease payments for leases with an original term of longer than twelve months. We do not record an asset or liability for leases with an original term of twelve months or less and we do not separate lease and non-lease components for our leases. Our lease assets are reflected within other noncurrent assets, and the current and noncurrent portions of our lease liabilities are reflected within accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other noncurrent liabilities, respectively, on our Balance Sheet. For leases with escalations over the life of the lease, we recognize expense on a straight-line basis. See Note 4 for further discussion of our lease assets and liabilities.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value determinations for financial assets and liabilities are based on the particular facts and circumstances. Financial instruments are required to be categorized within a valuation hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  The three levels of the valuation hierarchy are as follows:

 

Level 1 – inputs are based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

 

Level 2 – inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

 

Level 3 – inputs are based upon model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions are generally not observable in the market and typically reflect estimates and assumptions that we believe market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. These include discounted cash flow models and similar valuation techniques.

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values. We determined that our impairments of inventory, long-lived assets and assets held for sale are non-recurring fair value measurements that fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 3 for further discussion of impairments of our inventory, long-lived assets and assets held for sale.

Revenue Recognition

General – Our revenue is derived from customer contracts and agreements that are awarded on a competitively bid and negotiated basis using a range of contracting options, including fixed-price, unit-rate and T&M.  Our contracts primarily relate to the fabrication and construction of steel structures, modules and marine vessels, and project management services and other service arrangements. We recognize revenue from our contracts in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”).  

Topic 606 requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, provisions of Topic 606 specify which goods and services are distinct and represent separate performance obligations (representing the unit of account in Topic 606) within a contract and which goods and services (which could include multiple contracts or agreements) should be aggregated. In general, a performance obligation is a contractual obligation to construct and/or transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue for performance obligations satisfied over time are recognized as the work progresses. Revenue for performance obligations that do not meet the criteria for over time recognition are recognized at a point-in-time when a performance obligation is complete and the customer has obtained control of a promised asset.

Fixed-Price and Unit-Rate Contracts Revenue for our fixed-price and unit-rate contracts is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method based on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs (an input method).  Contract costs include direct costs, such as materials and labor, and indirect costs attributable to contract activity.  Material costs that are significant to a contract and do not reflect an accurate measure of project completion are excluded from the determination of our contract progress. Revenue for such materials is only recognized to the extent of costs incurred.  Revenue and gross profit for contracts accounted for using the percentage-of-completion method can be significantly affected by changes in estimated cost to complete such contracts. Significant estimates impacting the cost to complete a contract include: forecast costs of engineering, materials, equipment and subcontracts; forecast costs of labor and labor productivity; schedule durations, including subcontractor and supplier progress; contract disputes, including claims; achievement of contractual performance requirements; and contingency, among others.  Although our customers retain the right and ability to change, modify or discontinue further work at any stage of a contract, in the event our customers discontinue work, they are required to compensate us for the work performed to date.  The cumulative impact of revisions in total cost estimates during the progress of work is reflected in the period in which these changes become known, including, to the extent required, the reversal of profit recognized in prior periods and the recognition of losses expected to be incurred on contracts. Due to the various estimates inherent in our contract accounting, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could result in material changes to our Financial Statements and related disclosures.  See Note 2 for further discussion of projects with significant changes in estimated margins during 2020, 2019 and 2018.

T&M Contracts – Revenue for our T&M contracts is recognized at contracted rates when the work is performed, the costs are incurred and collection is reasonably assured. Our T&M contracts provide for labor and materials to be billed at rates specified within the contract. The consideration from the customer directly corresponds to the value of our performance completed at the time of invoicing.


 

Variable Consideration – Revenue and gross profit for contracts can be significantly affected by variable consideration, which can be in the form of unapproved change orders, claims, incentives and liquidated damages that may not be resolved until the later stages of the contract or after the contract has been completed. We estimate variable consideration based on the amount we expect to be entitled and include estimated amounts in transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when we conclude that any significant uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. See Note 2 for further discussion of our unapproved change orders, claims, incentives and liquidated damages.  

Additional Disclosures – Topic 606 also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. See Note 2 for required disclosures under Topic 606.

Pre-Contract Costs

Pre-contract costs are generally charged to cost of revenue as incurred, but in certain cases their recognition may be deferred if specific probability criteria are met. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no deferred pre-contract costs.

Other (Income) Expense, Net

Other (income) expense, net, generally represents recoveries or provisions for bad debts, gains or losses associated with the sale or disposition of property and equipment other than assets held for sale, and income or expense associated with certain nonrecurring items. For 2020, other (income) expense also includes a gain of $10.0 million associated with the settlement of a contract dispute for a project completed in 2015 and charges of $1.3 million associated with damage caused by Hurricane Laura.  See Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of Hurricane Laura.

Income Taxes

Income taxes have been provided using the liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Due to changing tax laws, significant judgment is required to estimate the effective tax rate expected to apply to tax differences that are expected to reverse in the future.

A valuation allowance is provided to reserve for deferred tax assets (“DTA(s)”) if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the DTAs will not be realized. The realization of our DTAs depends on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the appropriate jurisdictions.

Reserves for uncertain tax positions are recognized when we consider it more likely than not that additional tax will be due in excess of amounts reflected in our income tax returns, irrespective of whether or not we have received tax assessments.  Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are recorded within income tax expense.  See Note 6 for further discussion of our income taxes and DTAs.

New Accounting Standards

Financial instruments – In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which changes the way companies evaluate credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, short-term investments, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model to evaluate impairment, potentially resulting in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures, including the requirement to disclose the information used to track credit quality by year of origination for most financing receivables. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for us in the first quarter 2023. Early adoption of the new standard is permitted; however, we have not elected to early adopt the standard. The new standard is required to be applied using a cumulative-effect transition method. We are evaluating the effect that the new standard will have on our financial position, results of operations and related disclosures.

Income taxes – In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes,” to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and simplify areas such as franchise taxes, step-up in tax basis goodwill, separate entity financial statements and interim recognition of enacted tax laws or rate changes. The new standard will be effective for us in the first quarter 2021. We do not believe the new standard will have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or related disclosures.