Nature of Operations

Gulf Island Fabrication, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Gulf Island,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a leading fabricator of complex steel structures and modules and provider of project management, hookup, commissioning, repair, maintenance and civil construction services. Our customers include U.S. and, to a lesser extent, international energy producers; refining, petrochemical, LNG, industrial and power operators; and EPC companies. We currently operate and manage our business through two operating divisions (“Fabrication & Services” and “Shipyard”) and one non-operating division (“Corporate”), which represent our reportable segments. Our corporate headquarters is located in Houston, Texas and our operating facilities are located in Houma, Louisiana. On April 19, 2021, we sold our Shipyard Division operating assets and certain construction contracts (“Shipyard Transaction”) and intend to wind down our remaining Shipyard Division operations by mid-2022.  See “Basis of Presentation” below and Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (“Financial Statements”) reflect all wholly owned subsidiaries.  Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).  Accordingly, the Financial Statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2020, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the Financial Statements and related footnotes included in our 2020 Annual Report.

We determined the Shipyard Division assets, liabilities and operations associated with the Shipyard Transaction, and associated with certain previously closed Shipyard Division facilities, to be discontinued operations in the second quarter 2021. Accordingly, such assets and liabilities at June 30, 2021, and operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, have been classified as discontinued operations on our Consolidated Balance Sheet (“Balance Sheet”) and Consolidated Statement of Operations (“Statement of Operations”), respectively. Our classification of these operations as discontinued requires retrospective application to financial information for all prior periods presented.  Therefore, such assets and liabilities at December 31, 2020, and operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, have been recast and classified as discontinued operations on our Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations, respectively.  Discontinued operations are not presented separately on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (“Statement of Cash Flows”).  Unless otherwise noted, the amounts presented throughout the notes to our Financial Statements relate to our continuing operations.  See Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction and our discontinued operations.

Operating Cycle

The duration of our contracts vary but typically extend beyond twelve months from the date of contract award. Consistent with industry practice, assets and liabilities have been classified as current under the operating cycle concept whereby all contract-related items are classified as current regardless of whether cash will be received or paid within a twelve-month period. Assets and liabilities classified as current, which may not be received or paid within the next twelve months, include contract retainage, contract assets and contract liabilities. Variations from normal contract terms may result in the classification of assets and liabilities as long-term.

Use of Estimates

General – The preparation of our Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities.  We believe our most significant estimates and judgments are associated with:

If the underlying estimates and assumptions upon which our Financial Statements are based change in the future, actual amounts may differ materially from those included in the Financial Statements.

Volatile Oil Prices and COVID-19 – For the last several years, the price of oil has been at depressed levels and/or experienced significant volatility, resulting in a significant and sustained reduction in capital spending and drilling activities from our traditional offshore oil and gas customer base.  Consequently, our operating results and cash flows have been negatively impacted as we experienced reductions in revenue, lower margins due to competitive pricing, significant under-utilization of our operating facilities and resources and losses on certain projects. Additionally, COVID-19 has added another layer of pressure and uncertainty on oil prices and our end markets, which has further impacted our operations. COVID-19 (including its new and emerging strains and variants) is a widespread public health crisis that continues to adversely affect global economies and financial markets.

During 2020, our operations (as well as the operations of our customers, subcontractors and other counterparties) were negatively impacted by the physical distancing, quarantine and isolation measures recommended by national, state and local authorities on large portions of the population, and mandatory business closures that were enacted in an attempt to control COVID-19. We continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on our operations and recognize that it could continue to negatively impact our business and results of operations during the remainder of 2021 and beyond. Even with widespread distribution of vaccines, hesitancy or resistance to the vaccines among certain groups, as well as uncertainty about their long-term efficacy or effectiveness against new COVID-19 strains and variants, remain. The extent to which our operations and financial performance will be impacted by COVID-19 during the remainder of 2021 will depend largely on future developments, including global availability and acceptance of the vaccines. Authorities in some areas of the U.S. have begun to relax COVID-19 restrictions; however, if the areas where we have our headquarters and operating facilities, or areas where our customers, subcontractors and other counterparties have operations, were to experience periods of resurgence in the numbers of cases of the virus, including through the spread of new, more contagious or deadly strains and variants of the virus, authorities may reinstate restrictions, quarantine and isolation measures. The measures taken, while intended to protect human life, have had and are expected to continue to have a serious adverse impact on domestic and foreign economies of uncertain severity and duration. 

The continued level of uncertainty means the ultimate business and financial impacts of COVID-19 and volatility in oil prices cannot be reasonably estimated at this time, but have included, or may include, among other things, reduced bidding activity, suspension or termination of backlog, deterioration of customer financial condition, potential supply disruptions and unanticipated project costs due to project disruptions and schedule delays, lower labor productivity, increased employee and contractor absenteeism and turnover, craft labor hiring challenges, lack of performance by subcontractors and suppliers, and contract disputes. Management’s estimates in future periods will be revised for any events and changes in circumstances arising after the date of this Report for the impacts of COVID-19 and volatile oil prices.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the assumed conversion of dilutive securities.  See Note 7 for calculations of our basic and diluted income (loss) per share.

Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments

Cash Equivalents – We consider investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash – At June 30, 2021, we had $10.0 million of restricted cash as security for letters of credit issued under our letter of credit facility (“LC Facility”) with Hancock Whitney Bank (“Whitney Bank”). In July 2021, $7.0 million of outstanding letters of credit expired and the associated cash restriction was released. Our restricted cash is held in an interest-bearing money market account with Whitney Bank. The classification of the restricted cash as current and noncurrent is determined by the contractual maturity dates of the letters of credit being secured, with letters of credit having maturity dates of twelve months or less from the balance sheet date classified as current, and letters of credit having maturity dates of longer than twelve months from the balance sheet date classified as noncurrent. We had no restricted cash at December 31, 2020. See Note 5 for further discussion of our cash security requirements under our LC Facility.  

Short-Term Investments – We consider investments with original maturities of more than three months but less than twelve months to be short-term investments. We had no short-term investments at June 30, 2021. At December 31, 2020, our short-term investments included U.S. Treasuries with original maturities of less than six months that were held until their maturity.

Inventory

Inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value determined using the first-in-first-out basis.  The cost of inventory includes acquisition costs, production or conversion costs, and other costs incurred to bring the inventory to a current location and condition.  Net realizable value is our estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation.  An allowance for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based on an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, estimates of future sales and salvage value.  

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

In the normal course of business, we extend credit to our customers on a short-term basis and contract receivables are generally not collateralized; however, we typically have the right to place liens on our projects in the event of nonpayment by our customers. We routinely review individual contract receivable balances for collectability and make provisions for probable uncollectible amounts as necessary. Among the factors considered in our review are the financial condition of our customer and its access to financing, underlying disputes with the customer, the age and value of the receivable balance, and economic conditions in general. See Note 2 for further discussion of our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Stock-Based Compensation

Awards under our stock-based compensation plans are calculated using a fair value-based measurement method. We use the straight-line method to recognize share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the award.  We recognize the excess tax benefit or tax deficiency resulting from the difference between the deduction we receive for tax purposes and the stock-based compensation expense we recognize for financial reporting purposes created when common stock vests, as an income tax benefit or expense on our Statement of Operations.  

Tax payments made on behalf of employees to taxing authorities in order to satisfy employee income tax withholding obligations from the vesting of shares under our stock-based compensation plans are classified as a financing activity on our Statement of Cash Flows.

Assets Held for Sale

Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. See Note 4 for further discussion of our assets held for sale.

Depreciation Expense

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from three to 25 years. Ordinary maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the physical or economic lives of the plant or equipment, are charged to expense as incurred.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and our lease assets included within other noncurrent assets, are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  If a recoverability assessment is required, we compare the estimated future undiscounted cash flow associated with the asset or asset group to its carrying amount to determine if an impairment exists. An asset group constitutes the minimum level for which identifiable cash flows are principally independent of the cash flows of other assets or asset groups. An impairment loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount and the excess of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group over its fair value is recorded as an impairment charge. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, appraised values or third-party indications of value, as appropriate. See Note 3 for further discussion of our long-lived asset impairments within our discontinued operations.

Leases

We record a right-of-use asset and an offsetting lease liability on our Balance Sheet equal to the present value of our lease payments for leases with an original term of longer than twelve months. We do not record an asset or liability for leases with an original term of twelve months or less and we do not separate lease and non-lease components for our leases. Our lease assets are reflected within other noncurrent assets, and the current and noncurrent portions of our lease liabilities are reflected within accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other noncurrent liabilities, respectively, on our Balance Sheet. For leases with escalations over the life of the lease, we recognize expense on a straight-line basis.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value determinations for financial assets and liabilities are based on the particular facts and circumstances. Financial instruments are required to be categorized within a valuation hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  The three levels of the valuation hierarchy are as follows:

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values. Our fair value assessments for determining impairments of inventory, long-lived assets and assets held for sale are non-recurring fair value measurements that fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 4 for further discussion of our assets held for sale.

Revenue Recognition

General – Our revenue is derived from customer contracts and agreements that are awarded on a competitively bid and negotiated basis using a range of contracting options, including fixed-price, unit-rate and T&M.  Our contracts primarily relate to the fabrication and construction of steel structures, modules and marine vessels, and project management services and other service arrangements. We recognize revenue from our contracts in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”).  

Topic 606 requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, provisions of Topic 606 specify which goods and services are distinct and represent separate performance obligations (representing the unit of account in Topic 606) within a contract and which goods and services (which could include multiple contracts or agreements) should be aggregated. In general, a performance obligation is a contractual obligation to construct and/or transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue for performance obligations satisfied over time are recognized as the work progresses. Revenue for performance obligations that do not meet the criteria for over time recognition are recognized at a point-in-time when a performance obligation is complete and a customer has obtained control of a promised asset.

Fixed-Price and Unit-Rate Contracts – Revenue for our fixed-price and unit-rate contracts is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method based on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs (an input method).  Contract costs include direct costs, such as materials and labor, and indirect costs attributable to contract activity.  Material costs that are significant to

a contract and do not reflect an accurate measure of project completion are excluded from the determination of our contract progress. Revenue for such materials is only recognized to the extent of costs incurred.  Revenue and gross profit for contracts accounted for using the percentage-of-completion method can be significantly affected by changes in estimated cost to complete such contracts. Significant estimates impacting the cost to complete a contract include: forecast costs of engineering, materials, equipment and subcontracts; forecast costs of labor and labor productivity; schedule durations, including subcontractor and supplier progress; contract disputes, including claims; achievement of contractual performance requirements; and contingency, among others.  Although our customers retain the right and ability to change, modify or discontinue further work at any stage of a contract, in the event our customers discontinue work, they are required to compensate us for the work performed to date.  The cumulative impact of revisions in total cost estimates during the progress of work is reflected in the period in which these changes become known, including, to the extent required, the reversal of profit recognized in prior periods and the recognition of losses expected to be incurred on contracts. Due to the various estimates inherent in our contract accounting, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could result in material changes to our Financial Statements and related disclosures. See Note 2 for further discussion of projects with significant changes in estimated margins during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

T&M Contracts – Revenue for our T&M contracts is recognized at contracted rates when the work is performed, the costs are incurred and collection is reasonably assured. Our T&M contracts provide for labor and materials to be billed at rates specified within the contract. The consideration from the customer directly corresponds to the value of our performance completed at the time of invoicing.

Variable Consideration – Revenue and gross profit for contracts can be significantly affected by variable consideration, which can be in the form of unapproved change orders, claims, incentives and liquidated damages that may not be resolved until the later stages of the contract or after the contract has been completed. We estimate variable consideration based on the amount we expect to be entitled and include estimated amounts in transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when we conclude that any significant uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. See Note 2 for further discussion of unapproved change orders, claims, incentives and liquidated damages for our projects.  

Additional Disclosures – Topic 606 also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. See Note 2 for required disclosures under Topic 606.

Pre-Contract Costs

Pre-contract costs are generally charged to cost of revenue as incurred, but in certain cases their recognition may be deferred if specific probability criteria are met. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no deferred pre-contract costs.

Other (Income) Expense, Net

Other (income) expense, net, generally represents recoveries or provisions for bad debts, gains or losses associated with the sale or disposition of property and equipment other than assets held for sale, and income or expense associated with certain nonrecurring items.  For the six months ended June 30, 2020, other (income) expense also included a gain of $10.0 million associated with the settlement of a contract dispute in the first quarter 2020 for a project completed in 2015.

Income Taxes

Income taxes have been provided using the liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Due to state income tax laws related to the apportionment of revenue for our projects, judgment is required to estimate the effective tax rate expected to apply to tax differences that are expected to reverse in the future.

A valuation allowance is provided to reserve for deferred tax assets (“DTA(s)”) if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the DTAs will not be realized. The realization of our DTAs depends on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the appropriate jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate differs from our statutory rate as no federal benefit was recorded for losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and three months ended June 30, 2020, as a full valuation allowance was recorded against our federal deferred tax assets generated during the periods, and as no federal expense was recorded for income during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as it was fully offset by the reversal of valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets. Income taxes recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 represent state income taxes.

Reserves for uncertain tax positions are recognized when we consider it more likely than not that additional tax will be due in excess of amounts reflected in our income tax returns, irrespective of whether or not we have received tax assessments.  Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are recorded within income tax expense.  

New Accounting Standards

Income taxes – During the first quarter 2021, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, “Income Taxes,” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and simplifies areas such as franchise taxes, step-up in tax basis goodwill, separate entity financial statements and interim recognition of enacted tax laws or rate changes. Adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or related disclosures.

Financial instruments – In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which changes the way companies evaluate credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, short-term investments, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model to evaluate impairment, potentially resulting in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The new standard also requires enhanced disclosures, including the requirement to disclose the information used to track credit quality by year of origination for most financing receivables. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for us in the first quarter 2023. Early adoption of the new standard is permitted; however, we have not elected to early adopt the standard. The new standard is required to be applied using a cumulative-effect transition method. We are currently evaluating the effect that the new standard will have on our financial position, results of operations and related disclosures.