Nature of Operations

Gulf Island Fabrication, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Gulf Island,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a leading fabricator of complex steel structures and modules and a provider of specialty services, including project management, hookup, commissioning, repair, maintenance, scaffolding, coatings, welding enclosures, civil construction and staffing services to the industrial and energy sectors. Our customers include U.S. and, to a lesser extent, international energy producers; refining, petrochemical, LNG, industrial and power operators; and EPC companies. We currently operate and manage our business through three operating divisions (“Services”, “Fabrication” and “Shipyard”) and one non-operating division (“Corporate”), which represent our reportable segments. Our corporate headquarters is located in The Woodlands, Texas and our primary operating facilities are located in Houma, Louisiana (“Houma Facilities”).

On April 19, 2021, we sold our Shipyard Division operating assets and certain construction contracts (“Shipyard Transaction”) and intend to wind down our remaining Shipyard Division operations (which exclude the projects that are subject to our MPSV Litigation) by the second quarter 2023 (subject to the potential schedule impacts discussed in Note 2). See Note 4 for further discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

On December 1, 2021, we acquired a services and industrial staffing business (“DSS Acquisition”), which increased our skilled workforce, further diversified our customer base and expanded our service offerings for our Services Division.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements (“Financial Statements”) reflect all wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, the Financial Statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet (“Balance Sheet”) at December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to our 2022 Financial Statements.

Operating Cycle

The duration of our contracts vary, but may extend beyond twelve months from the date of contract award. Consistent with industry practice, assets and liabilities have been classified as current under the operating cycle concept whereby all contract-related items are classified as current regardless of whether cash will be received or paid within a twelve-month period. Assets and liabilities classified as current, which may not be received or paid within the next twelve months, include contract retainage, contract assets and contract liabilities. Variations from normal contract terms may result in the classification of assets and liabilities as long-term.

Use of Estimates

General – The preparation of our Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We believe our most significant estimates and judgments are associated with:

If the underlying estimates and assumptions upon which our Financial Statements are based change in the future, actual amounts may differ materially from those included in the Financial Statements.

Oil and Gas Price Volatility and Macroeconomic Conditions – Since 2008, the prices of oil and gas have experienced significant volatility, including depressed prices over extended periods, resulting in reductions in capital spending and drilling activities from our traditional offshore oil and gas customer base. Consequently, our operating results and cash flows were negatively impacted as we experienced reductions in revenue, lower margins due to competitive pricing and under-utilization of our operating facilities and resources. Beginning in 2020, the global coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) added another layer of pressure and uncertainty on oil and gas prices (with oil prices reaching a twenty-year low and gas prices reaching a four-year low), which further negatively impacted certain of our end markets during the first quarter 2022. This volatility in oil and gas prices was compounded by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 (and the related European energy crisis), and the U.S. and other countries actions in response (with oil prices reaching an eight-year high and gas prices reaching a fourteen-year high), which positively impacted certain of our end markets. While oil and gas prices have somewhat stabilized, the duration of such stability is uncertain and difficult to predict.

In addition, global economic factors that are beyond our control, have and could continue to impact our operations, including, but are not limited to, supply chain disruptions (including global shipping and logistics challenges that began in 2020), inflationary pressures, economic slowdowns and recessions, bank failures, natural disasters, public health crises (such as COVID-19), and geopolitical conflicts (such as the conflict in Ukraine).

The ultimate business and financial impacts of oil and gas price volatility and macroeconomic conditions on our business and results of operations continues to be uncertain, but the impacts have included, or may continue to include, among other things, reduced bidding activity; suspension or termination of backlog; deterioration of customer financial condition; and unanticipated project costs and schedule delays due to supply chain disruptions, labor and material price increases, lower labor productivity, increased employee and contractor absenteeism and turnover, craft labor hiring challenges, increased safety incidents, lack of performance by subcontractors and suppliers, and contract disputes. We continue to monitor the impacts of oil and gas price volatility and macroeconomic conditions on our operations, and our estimates in future periods will be revised for any events and changes in circumstances arising after the date of this Report.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflects the assumed conversion of dilutive securities in periods in which income is reported. See Note 5 for calculations of our basic and diluted income (loss) per share.

Cash and Short-Term Investments

Cash Equivalents – We consider investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. We hold substantially all of our cash deposits with Hancock Whitney Bank (“Whitney Bank”).

Restricted Cash – At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $1.2 million and $1.6 million of restricted cash, respectively as security for letters of credit issued under our letter of credit facility (“LC Facility”) with Whitney Bank. Our restricted cash is held in an interest-bearing money market account with Whitney Bank. The classification of the restricted cash as current and noncurrent is determined by the contractual maturity dates of the letters of credit being secured, with letters of credit having maturity dates of twelve months or less from the balance sheet date classified as current, and letters of credit having maturity dates of longer than twelve months from the balance sheet date classified as noncurrent. See Note 3 for further discussion of our cash security requirements under our LC Facility.

Short-term Investments – We consider investments with original maturities of more than three months but less than twelve months to be short-term investments. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our short-term investments included U.S. Treasuries with original maturities of four and six months, respectively. We intend to hold these investments until maturity and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments prior to their maturity. The investments are stated at amortized costs, which approximates fair value due to their near-term maturities. All short-term investments are traded on active markets with quoted prices and represent Level 1 fair value measurements.

Inventory

Inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value determined using the first-in-first-out basis. The cost of inventory includes acquisition costs, production or conversion costs, and other costs incurred to bring the inventory to a current location and condition. Net realizable value is our estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. An allowance for excess or inactive inventory is recorded based on an analysis that considers current inventory levels, historical usage patterns, estimates of future sales and salvage value.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Losses

As further discussed under “New Accounting Standards” below, we adopted the new accounting standard for measuring credit losses effective January 1, 2023. In the normal course of business, we extend credit to our customers on a short-term basis and contract receivables are generally not collateralized; however, we typically have the right to place liens on our projects in the event of nonpayment by our customers. We provide an allowance for credit losses and routinely review individual contract receivable balances and other financial assets for collectability and make provisions for probable uncollectible amounts as necessary. Among the factors considered in our review are the financial condition of our customer and its access to financing, underlying disputes with the customer, the age and value of the receivable balance, company-specific credit ratings, historical company-specific uncollectable amounts and economic conditions in general. See Note 2 for further discussion of our allowance for doubtful accounts.

Stock-Based Compensation

Awards under our stock-based compensation plans are calculated using a fair value-based measurement method. We use the straight-line and graded vesting methods to recognize share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the award. We recognize the excess tax benefit or tax deficiency resulting from the difference between the deduction we receive for tax purposes and the stock-based compensation expense we recognize for financial reporting purposes created when common stock vests, as an income tax benefit or expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations (“Statement of Operations”). Tax payments made on behalf of employees to taxing authorities in order to satisfy employee income tax withholding obligations from the vesting of shares under our stock-based compensation plans are classified as a financing activity on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (“Statement of Cash Flows”).

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill – Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is reviewed for impairment at least annually at a reporting unit level, absent any indicators of impairment or when other actions require an impairment assessment (such as a change in reporting units). Our goodwill is included within our Services Division and our Services Division represents our only reporting unit with goodwill. We perform our annual impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of each year based upon balances as of October 1. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than its fair value, we perform a quantitative impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, and we recognize an impairment charge to the extent its carrying value exceeds its fair value. To determine the fair value of our reporting unit and test for impairment, we utilize an income approach (discounted cash flow method) as we believe this is the most direct approach to incorporate the specific economic attributes and risk profile of our reporting unit into our valuation model. We had no indicators of impairment during the three months ended March 31, 2023. If, based on future assessments, our goodwill is deemed to be impaired, the impairment would result in a charge to our operating results in the period of impairment.

Other Long-Lived Assets – Our property, plant and equipment, lease assets (included within other noncurrent assets), and finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If a recoverability assessment is required, we compare the estimated future undiscounted cash flow associated with the asset or asset group to its carrying amount to determine if an impairment exists. An asset group constitutes the minimum level for which identifiable cash flows are principally independent of the cash flows of other assets or asset groups. An impairment loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount and the excess of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group over its fair value is recorded as an impairment charge. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, appraised values or third-party indications of value, as appropriate. We had no indicators of impairment during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Leases

We record a right-of-use asset and an offsetting lease liability on our Balance Sheet equal to the present value of our lease payments for leases with an original term of longer than twelve months. We do not record an asset or liability for leases with an original term of twelve months or less and we do not separate lease and non-lease components for our leases. Our lease assets are reflected within other noncurrent assets, and the current and noncurrent portions of our lease liabilities are reflected within accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other noncurrent liabilities, respectively, on our Balance Sheet. For leases with escalations over the life of the lease, we recognize expense on a straight-line basis.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value determinations for financial assets and liabilities are based on the particular facts and circumstances. Financial instruments are required to be categorized within a valuation hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of the valuation hierarchy are as follows:

The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values. Our fair value assessments for determining the impairments of inventory, goodwill and long-lived assets are non-recurring fair value measurements that fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Revenue Recognition

General – Our revenue is derived from customer contracts and agreements that are awarded on a competitively bid and negotiated basis using a range of contracting options, including fixed-price, unit-rate, time and materials (“T&M”) and cost-reimbursable, or a combination thereof. Our contracts primarily relate to the fabrication of steel structures and modules, and certain service arrangements. We recognize revenue from our contracts in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”).

Topic 606 requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, provisions of Topic 606 specify which goods and services are distinct and represent separate performance obligations (representing the unit of account in Topic 606) within a contract and which goods and services (which could include multiple contracts or agreements) should be aggregated. In general, a performance obligation is a contractual obligation to construct and/or transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue for performance obligations satisfied over time are recognized as the work progresses. Revenue for performance obligations that do not meet the criteria for over time recognition are recognized at a point-in-time when a performance obligation is complete and the customer has obtained control of a promised asset.

Long-term Contracts Satisfied Over Time – Revenue for our long-term contracts is recognized using the POC method based on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs (an input method). Fixed-price contracts, or contracts with a more significant fixed-price component, generally provide us with greater control over project schedule and the timing of when work is performed and costs are incurred, and accordingly, when revenue is recognized. Unit-rate, T&M and cost-reimbursable contracts generally have more variability in the scope of work and provide our customers with greater influence over the timing of when we perform our work, and accordingly, such contracts often result in less predictability with respect to the timing of when revenue is recognized. Contract costs include direct costs, such as materials and labor, and indirect costs attributable to contract activity. Material costs that are significant to a contract and do not reflect an accurate measure of project completion are excluded from the determination of our contract progress. Revenue for such materials is only recognized to the extent of costs incurred. Revenue and gross profit or loss for contracts accounted for using the POC method can be significantly affected by changes in estimated cost to complete such contracts. Significant estimates impacting the cost to complete a contract include: forecast costs of engineering, materials, equipment and subcontracts; forecast costs of labor and labor productivity; schedule durations, including subcontractor and supplier progress; contract disputes, including claims; achievement of contractual performance requirements; and contingency, among others. Although our customers retain the right and ability to change, modify or discontinue further work at any stage of a contract, in the event our customers discontinue work, they are required to compensate us for the work performed to date. The cumulative impact of revisions in total cost estimates during the progress of work is reflected in the period in which these changes become known, including, to the extent required, the reversal of profit recognized in prior periods and the recognition of losses expected to be incurred on contracts. Due to the various estimates inherent in our contract accounting, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could result in material changes to our Financial Statements and related disclosures. See Note 2 for further discussion of projects with significant changes in estimated margins during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Short-term Contracts and Contracts Satisfied at a Point In Time – Revenue for our short-term contracts (which includes revenue associated with our master services arrangements) and contracts that do not satisfy the criteria for revenue recognition over time is recognized when the work is performed or when control of the asset is transferred, the related costs are incurred and collection is reasonably assured. The consideration from the customer directly corresponds to the value of our performance completed at the time of invoicing.

Variable Consideration – Revenue and gross profit or loss for contracts can be significantly affected by variable consideration, which can be in the form of unapproved change orders, claims (including amounts arising from disputes with customers), incentives and liquidated damages that may not be resolved until the later stages of the contract or after the contract has been completed. Variable consideration can also include revenue associated with work performed on a unit-rate, T&M or cost-reimbursable basis that is recognized using the POC method. We estimate variable consideration based on the amount we expect to be entitled and include estimated amounts in transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when we conclude that any significant uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. See Note 2 for further discussion of our unapproved change orders, claims, incentives and liquidated damages.

Additional Disclosures – Topic 606 also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. See Note 2 for required disclosures under Topic 606.

Pre-Contract Costs

Pre-contract costs are generally charged to cost of revenue as incurred, but in certain cases their recognition may be deferred if specific probability criteria are met. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no deferred pre-contract costs.

Other (Income) Expense, Net

Other (income) expense, net, generally represents recoveries or provisions for bad debts and credit losses, gains or losses associated with the sale or disposition of property and equipment, and income or expense associated with certain nonrecurring items.

Income Taxes

Income taxes have been provided for using the liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Due to state income tax laws related to the apportionment of revenue for our projects, judgment is required to estimate the effective tax rate expected to apply to tax differences that are anticipated to reverse in the future.

A valuation allowance is provided to reserve for deferred tax assets (“DTA(s)”) if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the DTAs will not be realized. The realization of our DTAs depends on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the appropriate jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate differs from our statutory rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as no federal income tax expense was recorded for our income as it was fully offset by the reversal of valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets, and for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as no federal income tax benefit was recorded for our losses as a full valuation allowance was recorded against our net deferred tax assets generated during the period. Income taxes recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 relate to state income taxes.

Reserves for uncertain tax positions are recognized when we consider it more likely than not that additional tax will be due in excess of amounts reflected in our income tax returns, irrespective of whether or not we have received tax assessments. Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are recorded within income tax expense.

New Accounting Standards

Financial Instruments – In the first quarter 2023, we adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which changes the way we evaluate credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, short-term investments, loans and other instruments, we are required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model to evaluate impairment, which includes considering a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses and may potentially result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The new accounting standard was adopted using the cumulative-effect transition method with any cumulative-effect adjustment being recorded to accumulated deficit on January 1, 2023. Upon adoption, we recorded a $0.6 million increase to beginning accumulated deficit, a $0.4 million decrease to contract receivables and retainage, net and contract assets, and a $0.2 million decrease to other noncurrent assets, on our Balance Sheet. Adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on our results of operations or related disclosures.

Business Combinations – In the first quarter 2023, we adopted ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations - Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers,” which changes the way companies measure contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and creates an exception to the general recognition and measurement principle of ASC 805. Adoption of the new standard did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or related disclosures.

The following tables summarize revenue for each of our operating segments, disaggregated by contract type and duration, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes our remaining performance obligations, disaggregated by operating segment and contract type, at March 31, 2023 (in thousands):