UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

OR

Commission File Number 001-34279

GULF ISLAND FABRICATION, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (713) 714-6100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit

report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market on June 30, 2022 was $38,842,000.

The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 28, 2023, was 15,972,533.

GULF ISLAND FABRICATION, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR

THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

As used in this report filed on form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Annual Report” or “this Report”), the following abbreviations and terms have the meanings listed below. In addition, the terms “Gulf Island,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Gulf Island Fabrication, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Certain terms defined below may be redefined separately within this Report when we believe providing a definition upon the first use of the term will assist users of this Report. Unless and as otherwise stated, any references in this Report to any agreement means such agreement and all schedules, exhibits and attachments in each case as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified to the date of filing this Report.

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Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Information

This Report contains forward-looking statements in which we discuss our potential future performance. Forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, are all statements other than statements of historical facts, such as projections or expectations relating to timing of delivery of vessels related to the Active Retained Shipyard Contracts and subsequent wind down of our Shipyard Division operations; expected exposure in the event of an adverse outcome in the MPSV Litigation; diversification and entry into new end markets; improvement of risk profile; industry outlook; oil and gas prices; timing of investment decisions and new project awards; cash flows and cash balance; capital expenditures; liquidity; and tax rates. The words “anticipates,” “may,” “can,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “targets,” “intends,” “likely,” “will,” “should,” “to be,” “potential” and any similar expressions are intended to identify those assertions as forward-looking statements.

We caution readers that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results may differ materially from those anticipated, projected or assumed in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that can cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements include: supply chain disruptions (including global shipping and logistics challenges), inflationary pressures, economic slowdowns and recessions, natural disasters, public health crises (such as COVID-19), labor costs and geopolitical conflicts (such as the conflict in Ukraine), and the related volatility in oil and gas prices and other factors impacting the global economy; the cyclical nature of the oil and gas industry; outcome of the MPSV Litigation and our ability to resolve any other material legal proceedings; competition; reliance on significant customers; competitive pricing and cost overruns on our projects; performance of subcontractors and dependence on suppliers; timing and our ability to secure and commence execution of new project awards, including fabrication projects for refining, petrochemical, LNG, industrial and sustainable energy end markets, and the resumption of our suspended large fabrication project; our ability to maintain and further improve project execution; nature of our contract terms and customer adherence to such terms; suspension or termination of projects; changes in contract estimates; customer or subcontractor disputes; operating dangers, weather events and limits on insurance coverage; the operability and adequacy of our major equipment; the final assessment of damage at our Houma Facilities and the related recovery of any insurance proceeds; our ability to raise additional capital; our ability to amend or obtain new debt financing or credit facilities on favorable terms; our ability to generate sufficient cash flow; our ability to obtain letters of credit or surety bonds and ability to meet any indemnification obligations thereunder; consolidation of our customers; financial ability and credit worthiness of our customers; adjustments to previously reported profits or losses under the percentage-of-completion method; our ability to employ a skilled workforce; loss of key personnel; utilization of facilities or closure or consolidation of facilities; failure of our safety assurance program; barriers to entry into new lines of business; weather impacts to operations; any future asset impairments; changes in trade policies of the U.S. and other countries; compliance with regulatory and environmental laws; lack of navigability of canals and rivers; systems and information technology interruption or failure and data security breaches; performance of partners in any future joint ventures and other strategic alliances; shareholder activism; focus on environmental, social and governance factors by institutional investors and regulators; and other factors described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Report and as may be further updated by subsequent filings with the SEC.

Additional factors or risks that we currently deem immaterial, that are not presently known to us or that arise in the future could also cause our actual results to differ materially from our expected results. Given these uncertainties, investors are cautioned that many of the assumptions upon which our forward-looking statements are based are likely to change after the date the forward-looking statements are made, which we cannot control. Further, we may make changes to our business plans that could affect our results. We caution investors that we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made, for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events or developments, changed circumstances, or otherwise, and notwithstanding any changes in our assumptions, changes in business plans, actual experience or other changes.

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PART I

Items 1. and 2. Business and Properties

Certain terms are defined in the “Glossary of Terms” beginning on page ii. References to “Notes” relate to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements (“Financial Statements”) in Item 8.

Description of Operations

Gulf Island Fabrication, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Gulf Island,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a leading fabricator of complex steel structures and modules and provider of specialty services, including project management, hookup, commissioning, repair, maintenance, scaffolding, coatings, welding enclosures, civil construction and staffing services to the industrial and energy sectors. Our customers include U.S. and, to a lesser extent, international energy producers; refining, petrochemical, LNG, industrial and power operators; and EPC companies. Our corporate headquarters is located in The Woodlands, Texas and our primary operating facilities are located in Houma, Louisiana (“Houma Facilities”). See “Overview” section in Item 7 for discussion of our current business and outlook.

During 2021, we operated and managed our business through two operating divisions (“Fabrication & Services” and “Shipyard”) and one non-operating division (“Corporate”), which represented our reportable segments. In the first quarter 2022, we realigned our operating divisions due to the DSS Acquisition (discussed below) and related changes in our management structure and oversight of our various lines of business. As a result, we currently operate and manage our business through three operating divisions (“Services”, “Fabrication” and “Shipyard”) and one non-operating division (“Corporate”), which represent our reportable segments. Accordingly, financial information (including the effects of eliminations) for our Fabrication & Services Division for 2021 has been recast to conform to the presentation of our reportable segments for 2022. Our three operating divisions and Corporate Division are discussed below.

Services Division – Our Services Division provides maintenance, repair, construction, scaffolding, coatings, welding enclosures and other specialty services on offshore platforms and inland structures and at industrial facilities; provides services required to connect production equipment and service modules and equipment on offshore platforms; provides project management and commissioning services; provides industrial staffing services; and performs municipal and drainage projects, including pump stations, levee reinforcement, bulkheads and other public works. Our services activities are managed from our various Facilities and include the services and industrial staffing businesses (“DSS Business”) of Dynamic Industries, Inc. (“Dynamic”), which was acquired on December 1, 2021 (“DSS Acquisition”). See Note 4 for further discussion of the DSS Acquisition.

Fabrication Division – Our Fabrication Division fabricates modules, skids and piping systems for onshore refining, petrochemical, LNG and industrial facilities and offshore facilities; fabricates foundations, secondary steel components and support structures for alternative energy developments and coastal mooring facilities; fabricates offshore production platforms and associated structures, including jacket foundations, piles and topsides for fixed production and utility platforms, as well as hulls and topsides for floating production and utility platforms; and fabricates other complex steel structures and components. Our fabrication activities are performed at our Houma Facilities.

Shipyard Division – Our Shipyard Division previously fabricated newbuild marine vessels and provided marine repair and maintenance services. The activities were performed at our Shipyard Facility. However, on April 19, 2021, we sold our Shipyard Division operating assets and certain construction contracts (“Shipyard Transaction”), which included the Divested Shipyard Contracts and our Shipyard Facility. We determined that the assets, liabilities and operations associated with the Shipyard Transaction, and certain previously closed facilities, were discontinued operations in 2021. The assets, liabilities and operating results attributable to the Retained Shipyard Contracts and remaining assets and liabilities of our Shipyard Division operations that were excluded from the Shipyard Transaction, and are not associated with the previously closed facilities, represent our Shipyard Division and are classified as continuing operations on our Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations. The Active Retained Shipyard Contracts are being completed at our Houma Facilities and we intend to wind down our Shipyard Division operations (which excludes the projects that are subject to our MPSV Litigation) by the second quarter 2023 (previously the first quarter 2023, but delayed and subject to the potential schedule impacts discussed in Note 2). Unless otherwise noted, the discussion and amounts presented below relate to our continuing operations. See Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction and our discontinued operations and Note 9 for further discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

Corporate Division and Allocations – Our Corporate Division includes costs that do not directly relate to our operating divisions. Such costs include, but are not limited to, costs of maintaining our corporate office, executive management salaries and incentives, board of directors’ fees, certain insurance costs and costs associated with overall corporate governance and reporting requirements for a publicly traded company. Shared resources and costs that benefit more than one operating division are allocated amongst the operating divisions based on each operating division’s estimated share of the benefit received. Such costs include, but are not limited to, human resources, insurance, information technology, accounting, business development and certain division leadership.

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Facilities and Equipment

Houma Facilities – Our fabrication and primary administrative and operating facilities are located in Houma, Louisiana (“Houma Facilities”) on approximately 226 acres on the east bank of the Houma Navigation Canal and on a slip adjacent to the Houma Navigation Canal, approximately 30 miles from the Gulf of Mexico (“GOM”). The facility includes approximately 85,000 square feet of administrative and operations facilities, 320,000 square feet of covered fabrication facilities, 140,000 square feet of warehouse facilities, and 20,000 square feet of blasting and coating facilities. It also has 5,970 linear feet of water frontage, including 2,535 feet of steel bulkheads. Buildings and equipment that are significant to our Houma Facilities include:

We have a Mortgage Agreement associated with the real estate of the Houma Facilities that secures our obligations with one of our Sureties related to outstanding bonds with such Surety. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 and Note 6 for further discussion of our Mortgage Agreement.

Other Facilities – Our other administrative and operating facilities include:

Materials and Supplies

The principal materials and supplies used in our operations across all our divisions include standard steel shapes, steel plate, steel pipe, welding gases, welding wire, fuel, oil and paint, all of which are currently available from many sources. We do not depend upon any single supplier or source for our materials and supplies. We anticipate being able to obtain these materials for the foreseeable future; however, the pricing, availability and schedules offered by our suppliers may vary significantly from year to year due to various factors, including supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, wage pressures, rising inflation and potential economic slowdown or recession, public health crises (such as COVID-19), geopolitical conflicts (such as the conflict in Ukraine), foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, supplier consolidations, supplier raw material shortages, customer demand, and any duties and tariffs imposed on the materials or other import restrictions. In 2022, we experienced increased costs of materials and supplies due to inflation and continued supply chain delays and shortages, due in part to COVID-19 and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 (and the related European energy crisis). While pricing and availability of materials and supplies did not significantly impact our results in 2022, these issues may continue in 2023 and may become material. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of our use of raw materials and supplies and the impact of global macroeconomic conditions, COVID-19 and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on our operations.

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The majority of the steel plate used in our operations arrives at our facilities in bulk, which we then cut into the form needed or roll into tubular sections in our rolling mill. Tubular sections can be welded together in long straight tubes to become legs or into shorter tubes to become part of a network of bracing. Various cuts and welds in the fabrication process are performed by computer-controlled equipment. We procure steel from both domestic and foreign mills. Delivery from domestic steel mills can take weeks or months for as-rolled steel and longer for heat treated steel. Delivery from foreign steel mills, including transit time, can take several months. Additionally, the U.S. sometimes imposes tariffs on certain imported steel which can result in higher cost for foreign steel. To mitigate the risk of increasing cost of materials during the life of a contract, we often negotiate escalation clauses in our customer contracts for steel pricing adjustments tied to changes in relevant indices.

In addition to the materials and supplies described above used in our fabrication process, we also use third-party manufacturers for engineered and manufactured equipment added to the structures and modules that we fabricate. To mitigate our risk of increasing costs, we often negotiate and purchase such equipment from the manufacturer at a fixed price. Additionally, we may use subcontractors when their use enables us to meet customer requirements for resources, schedule, cost or technical expertise. Subcontractors may range from small local entities to companies with global capabilities, some of which may be utilized on a repetitive or preferred basis.

Human Capital Management

Our employees are our most important assets and serve as the foundation for our ability to achieve our financial and strategic objectives.

Employee Statistics – Our workforce varies based on our level of activity at any particular time. At December 31, 2022, we had 874 full-time employees, compared to 960 full-time employees at December 31, 2021, and one part-time employee compared to none at December 31, 2021. In addition, due to limitations in the availability of skilled craft labor and increased demand for our services in 2022, we increased our use of independent contract labor and will continue to do so, as necessary, to supplement our workforce. None of our employees are employed pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement and we believe our relationship with our employees is favorable. Labor hours worked during 2022 and 2021 were 1.7 million and 1.0 million, respectively. The increase in labor hours was primarily due to the DSS Acquisition on December 1, 2021. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of our use of contract labor.

Recruitment, Training and Workforce Development – Our success depends on our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain a highly-skilled workforce that includes craft labor as well as supervision and project management. To support the development of our workforce, we offer supervision and other training programs to educate and elevate the skillsets of our front-line leaders. We also provide internal hands-on technical fitting and welding training programs and instruction to further develop our craft labor and maintain high standards of quality. We have also created a succession plan for all senior leadership positions. During 2022, we were awarded a Texas Workforce Commission Skills Development grant. These funds enhance our ability to deliver on-demand technical training to help develop the next generation of skilled craft professionals in pipe fitting, welding, scaffold building, painting/blasting, equipment operation, and rigging in our rapidly growing industry. The grant enabled us to train 284 employees in 2022. During 2022 and 2021, we were also awarded an Incumbent Worker Training Program grant through the Louisiana Workforce Commission. This program provides supplemental funding for, among other things, skills, safety and environmental training through third-party providers for craft personnel and leadership. The grant enabled us to train approximately 91 and 285 employees in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Employee Benefits – Our compensation programs are designed to attract, motivate and retain our employees. We provide competitive base wages and salaries that are consistent with employee positions, skills and experience levels, and geographic locations. Employees are eligible to receive paid and unpaid leave and participate in our health insurance and life, disability and accident insurance programs. We also offer retirement benefits through our 401(k) plan, which includes discretionary Company-matching contributions. During 2022 and 2021, we conducted annual employee benefits surveys to gain a deeper understanding of how our various benefit programs are valued by our employees. The employee feedback indicated a desire for additional medical plan options, a preference for smartphone and email communication, and a health advocate that can provide plan education. As a result, we included a new high-deductible health plan option and health savings account option in our benefit program offerings for 2022, along with an identity theft benefit offering, and we continued building on the mobile app launched in 2021.

Employee Engagement – During 2022 and 2021, we incorporated feedback from our employees into our training programs and employee benefit program offerings. The feedback was gathered from our employee satisfaction survey performed during 2021 and our annual employee benefits survey conducted in 2022 and 2021, which provided employee perspectives on working for the Company and suggestions for improvements.

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Diversity and Inclusion – Our commitment to diversity extends across all divisions and disciplines of our business. We leverage multiple platforms to expand our reach for diverse talent and also use recruiting sites focused on veterans and individuals with disabilities. At December 31, 2022, approximately 51% of our workforce were women or minorities. During 2022, we conducted our annual leadership workshop for approximately 150 front-line leaders that consisted of a two-day interactive training on leading the “younger generations” and prevention of sexual harassment. During 2021, we also launched a supervisor program that provided additional education to our leaders on respect in the workplace and included an emphasis on the prevention of sexual harassment.

See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of our ability to attract and retain qualified employees.

Safety

We are committed to the safety and health of our employees and contractors and believe that a strong safety culture is a critical element of our success. We continue to improve and maintain a comprehensive safety management system designed to ensure the safety of our employees and contractors and allow us to remain in compliance with all applicable federal and state mandated safety regulations. We are committed to maintaining a well-trained workforce and providing timely instruction to ensure our employees have the knowledge and skills to perform their work safely while maintaining the highest standards of quality. We provide continuous safety education and training to employees and contractors on a variety of topics to ensure they are ready for the challenges inherent in all our projects. Our employees commence training on their first day of employment with a comprehensive orientation class that addresses Company policies and procedures and provides clear expectations for working safely. During 2022, our health, safety and environmental training system was audited and accredited by a third-party compliance organization.

During 2022 and 2021, we completed supervisor safety workshops that were delivered to leadership, including our front-line supervisors. The focus of these workshops is to drive a strong safety culture, incorporate human performance and risk tolerance principles, and emphasize the supervisor’s role in safety coaching and mentoring. During 2022 and 2021, we successfully trained approximately 98% and 90%, respectively, of our front-line supervision. We also successfully trained and implemented the “execution diamond”, a new tool to drive our employees and contractors to plan, stop and think before engaging in an activity, perform appropriate risk assessments, and emphasize their “stop work” authority. Our total recordable incident rate improved from a 0.61 in 2021 to 0.38 in 2022.

We have a zero-tolerance policy for drugs and alcohol use in the workplace. We support this policy through the application of a comprehensive drug and alcohol screening program that includes initial screenings for all employees during our hiring process and periodic random screenings throughout employment. Additionally, we require our contractors to follow alcohol and drug screening policies substantially the same as ours.

Our employees are given opportunities to be a part of a dedicated safety committee which is comprised of peer-elected craft employees and members of management to assist in supporting our efforts to continuously improve safety performance. A safety component is also included in our annual incentive program guidelines for our executive officers and other key employees. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of our safety.

We continue to take actions to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on our operations and maintain a safe work environment for our workforce, including maintaining protocols for handling employees who have tested positive for COVID-19 or have come in contact with individuals that have tested positive for COVID-19. In addition, we have protocols for employees to return to work that test positive for COVID-19, including requiring a negative COVID-19 antigen test prior to returning to work. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of the potential impact of public health crises on our operations.

Environmental

Our commitment to protecting the environment continues to be a strong principal that governs our work. We continuously look for ways to reduce our environmental impact, including a focus on protecting the land, water, and wildlife habitats in our surrounding communities, with an emphasis on spill prevention, water and waste management, air emissions and other natural resource conservation. We are further focused on energy efficiency and reducing our carbon footprint within our daily operations. During 2022, we continued our efforts in managing and monitoring our air emissions, water discharges, energy consumptions and greenhouse gases. This monitoring will allow us to establish baseline emission matrices based on the various types of fabrication projects we perform. We also conducted hazardous waste minimization and pollution prevention training for our employees. During 2021, we implemented a program to replace our facility lighting with LED bulbs, which reduced our energy consumption and improved our workplace conditions by providing better and more efficient lighting for our employees.

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We are also focused on managing and monitoring our air emissions related to all facets of our painting and blasting operations to ensure compliance with our Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality operating air permits. We monitor and report criteria pollutants and toxic air pollutants, which includes daily tracking of our paint, thinner and cleaning solvents usage. We have also implemented abrasive blasting management best practices to reduce particulate matter emissions and reduce offsite impacts to surrounding communities from our abrasive blasting activities. This includes routine inspections, record keeping and personnel training.

During 2021, we certified our environmental management system to ISO 14001:2015, which represents internationally recognized standards for environmental management overseen by the International Standard Organization (“ISO”) based in Geneva, Switzerland. Achieving this certification helps our management and employees ensure we are measuring and improving our environmental impact by improving the efficiency of our resources, consistently addressing environmental obligations and reducing waste and environmental risks. The certification helps us maintain our commitment to protecting the environment as a leader in the fabrication industry. The certification is based on a review of our programs and procedures and is subject to annual review and full recertification every three years. The last audit of our certification occurred in March 2022.

Quality Assurance

We use modern welding and fabrication technology, and all of our fabrication projects are executed in accordance with industry standards, specifications and regulations, including those published by the American Petroleum Institute, the American Welding Society, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Bureau of Shipping, the U.S. Coast Guard and customer specifications. We maintain training programs for technical fitting and welding instruction in order to prepare and upgrade our skilled labor workforce, and to maintain high standards of quality. In addition, we maintain on-site facilities for the non-destructive testing of all welds, a process performed by independent third-parties.

During 2021, our quality management systems were recertified as ISO 9001-2015, which represents internationally recognized standards for quality management. Similar to our environmental certification, this certification is based on a review of our programs and procedures and is subject to annual review and full recertification every three years. The last audit of our certification occurred in March 2022. Our quality management systems are also certified by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and American Institute of Steel Construction. The certifications are valid through March 2025.

Customers

Our principal customers include U.S. and, to a lesser extent, international energy producers; refining, petrochemical, LNG, industrial and power operators; and EPC companies. A large portion of our revenue in any given year may be generated by only a few customers, although not necessarily the same customers from year to year. For 2022, two customers accounted for 48% of our consolidated revenue, which related to offshore services for our Services Division and small-scale fabrication for our Fabrication Division. For 2021, two customers accounted for 54% of our consolidated revenue, which related to offshore services for our Services Division and small-scale fabrication for our Fabrication Division, and our seventy-vehicle ferry project for our Shipyard Division.

Contracting

Our revenue is derived from customer contracts and agreements that are awarded on a competitively bid and negotiated basis using a range of contracting options, including fixed-price, unit-rate, time and materials (“T&M”) and cost-reimbursable, or a combination thereof. Our contracts primarily relate to the fabrication of steel structures and modules, and certain service arrangements. Such contracts vary in duration depending on the size and complexity of the project.

Revenue for our long-term contracts is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method, based on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs. Contract costs include direct costs, such as materials and labor, and indirect costs attributable to contract activity. Material costs that are significant to a contract and do not reflect an accurate measure of project completion are excluded from the determination of our contract progress. Revenue for such materials is only recognized to the extent of costs incurred.

Revenue for our short-term contracts and contracts that do not satisfy the criteria for revenue recognition over time is recognized when the work is performed or when control of the asset is transferred, the related costs are incurred and collection is reasonably assured. The consideration from the customer directly corresponds to the value of our performance completed at the time of invoicing. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A, “Critical Accounting Policies” in Item 7, and Note 1 and Note 2 for further discussion of our contracting and revenue recognition.

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New Project Awards and Backlog

New project awards represent expected revenue values of commitments received during a given period, including scope growth on existing commitments. A commitment represents authorization from our customer to begin work or purchase materials pursuant to a written agreement, letter of intent or other form of authorization. Backlog represents the unrecognized revenue for our new project awards and at December 31, 2022, was consistent with the value of remaining performance obligations for our contracts required to be disclosed under Topic 606 and presented in Note 2. In general, a performance obligation is a contractual obligation to construct and/or transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. We believe that backlog, a non-GAAP financial measure, provides useful information to investors as it represents work that we are obligated to perform under our current contracts. New project awards and backlog may vary significantly each reporting period based on the timing of our major new contract commitments.

Projects in our backlog are generally subject to delay, suspension, termination, or an increase or reduction in scope at the option of the customer; however, the customer is required to pay us for work performed and materials purchased through the date of termination, suspension, or decrease in scope. Depending on the size of the project, the delay, suspension, termination or increase or decrease in scope of any one contract could significantly impact our backlog and change the expected amount and timing of revenue recognized. Certain of our contracts in backlog were, and bidding activities for several new project opportunities have been delayed, as a result of COVID-19. In February 2023, we received direction from our customer to suspend all activities on our offshore jackets project for our Fabrication Division. No duration of the suspension or timing of potential recommencement of the project was provided. See “New Awards and Backlog” in Item 7 for further discussion of our new project awards and backlog. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A, “Critical Accounting Policies” in Item 7, and Note 1 and Note 2 for further discussion of our contracting and revenue recognition.

Seasonality

Our operations may be subject to seasonal variations due to weather conditions, including any seasonal weather conditions that may increasingly arise due to the effects of climate change, and available daylight hours. Although we have large, covered fabrication facilities, a significant amount of our construction activities continue to take place outdoors, and accordingly, the number of labor hours worked may decline during the winter months due to unfavorable weather conditions and a decrease in daylight hours. In addition, the seasonality of oil and gas industry activity in the Gulf Coast region also affects our operations. Our offshore oil and gas customers often schedule the completion of their projects during the summer months in order to take advantage of more favorable weather during such months. Further, rainy weather, tropical storms, hurricanes and other storms prevalent in the GOM and along the Gulf Coast may also affect our operations. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of the seasonal impacts to our operations.

Competition

We operate within highly competitive markets which are significantly impacted by oil and gas prices. Declines in oil and gas prices can create excess capacity and under-utilization of our competitor’s facilities, resulting in more intense competition in the bidding process for new project awards. Previous decreases in oil and gas prices have led many companies, including us, to reduce their skilled workforce. These reductions, with a subsequent increase in oil and gas prices, has created a competitive labor market, resulting in higher costs of labor, including increases in wage rates and the costs of recruiting and training to attract and retain qualified personnel. In addition, we expect to face increased competition as we seek fabrication opportunities related to rapidly growing energy transition initiatives, including in support of our customers who are making energy transitions away from fossil fuels, opportunities related to offshore wind developments and future onshore infrastructure projects where modular designed steel structures are core to the execution strategy. Further, there are numerous regional, national and global competitors that offer similar services to those offered by each of our operating divisions. These competitors may be larger than us with more resources and facilities in both the U.S. and abroad. Competition with foreign competitors can also be challenging as such competitors often have lower operating costs and lower wage rates, and foreign governments often use subsidies and incentives to create local jobs and impose import duties and fees on products. In addition, technological innovations have lowered transportation costs and increased the competitiveness of foreign competitors when exporting structures from foreign locations to the GOM and Gulf Coast, which may hinder our ability to successfully secure new awards for projects destined for the GOM and Gulf Coast. Uncertainties with respect to tariffs on materials and fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and other factors, may also impact our ability to compete effectively.

Although we believe price and the contractor’s ability to meet a customer’s delivery schedule and project requirements are principal factors in determining which contractor is awarded a project, customers also consider, among other things, a contractor’s past project experience, the availability of technically capable personnel, facility capacity and location, production efficiency, condition of equipment, reputation, safety record, customer relations and financial strength. We believe that our strategic location, competitive pricing, expertise in fabricating and servicing onshore and offshore structures and facilities, and the certification of our facilities as ISO 9001-2015 will enable us to continue to compete effectively for projects. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of our competitive landscape.

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Government and Environmental Regulation

Our operations and properties are subject to a wide variety of increasingly complex and stringent foreign, federal, state and local environmental laws and other regulations, including those governing discharges into the air and water, the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by hazardous substances. Compliance with many of these laws is becoming increasingly complex, stringent and expensive. These laws may impose “strict liability” for damages to natural resources and threats to public health and safety, rendering a party liable for the environmental damage without regard to negligence or fault on the part of such party.

Our operations are also governed by laws and regulations relating to the health and safety of our employees, primarily the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations promulgated thereunder. Various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies require certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our operations. We believe that we have all material permits, licenses and certificates necessary for the conduct of our existing business.

Our employees may engage in certain activities, including interconnect piping and other service activities conducted on offshore platforms, activities performed on spud barges owned or chartered by us, and barges owned by us, that are covered in either the provisions of the Jones Act or U.S. Longshoreman and Harbor Workers Act (“USL&H”). These laws make the liability limits established under state workers’ compensation laws inapplicable to these employees and permit them or their representatives to pursue actions against us for damages or job-related injuries, with generally no limitations on our potential liability.

Many aspects of our operations and properties are materially affected by federal, state and local regulations, as well as certain international conventions and private industry organizations. The exploration and development of oil and gas properties located on the outer continental shelf of the U.S. is regulated primarily by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management and Enforcement of the Department of Interior, which is responsible for the administration of federal regulations under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act requiring the construction of offshore platforms located on the outer continental shelf to meet stringent engineering and construction specifications. Violations of these regulations and related laws can result in substantial civil and criminal penalties as well as injunctions curtailing operations. We believe that our operations are in compliance with these and all other regulations affecting the fabrication of platforms for delivery to the outer continental shelf of the U.S. In addition, demand for our services from the oil and gas industry can be affected by changes in taxes, price controls and other laws and regulations affecting this industry. It is also possible that the current administration and Congress will impose additional environmental regulations that will restrict federal oil and gas leasing, permitting or drilling practices on public lands and waters. Offshore construction and drilling in certain areas has also been opposed by environmental groups and, in certain areas, has been restricted. To the extent laws are enacted or other governmental actions are taken that prohibit or restrict offshore construction and drilling or impose environmental protection requirements that result in increased costs to the oil and gas industry in general and the offshore construction industry in particular, our business and prospects could be adversely affected. We cannot determine to what extent future operations and earnings may be affected by new legislation, new regulations or changes in existing regulations.

In addition, we could be affected by future laws or regulations, including those imposed in response to concerns over climate change, other aspects of the environment, or natural resources. Due to concerns that carbon dioxide, methane and certain other greenhouse gases may produce climate changes that have significant impacts on public health and the environment, various governmental authorities have considered and are continuing to consider the adoption of regulatory strategies and controls designed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases resulting from regulated activities, which if adopted in areas where we conduct business, could require us or our customers to incur additional compliance costs, may result in delays in the pursuit of regulated activities, prevent customers’ projects from going forward and could adversely affect demand for the oil and natural gas that some of our customers produce, thereby potentially limiting demand for our services. For example, the recently adopted Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 imposes a federal fee on the emission of greenhouse gases.

We are also subject to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended and similar laws which provide for responses to and liability for releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Additionally, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act, each as amended, and similar foreign, state or local counterparts to these federal laws, regulate air emissions, water discharges, hazardous substances and wastes, and require public disclosure related to the use of various hazardous substances. Compliance with such environmental laws and regulations may require the acquisition of permits or other authorizations for certain activities and compliance with various standards or procedural requirements. We believe that our facilities are in substantial compliance with current regulatory standards.

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In addition, our operations are subject to extensive government regulation by the U.S. Coast Guard, as well as various private industry organizations such as the American Petroleum Institute, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American Welding Society and the American Bureau of Shipping.

Our compliance with these laws and regulations has entailed certain additional expenses and changes in operating procedures; however, we believe that compliance efforts have not resulted in a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. However, future events, such as changes in existing laws and regulations or their interpretation, more vigorous enforcement policies of regulatory agencies, or stricter or different interpretations of existing laws and regulations, may require additional expenditures by us. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of government and environmental regulations impacting our business.

Insurance

We maintain insurance coverage for various aspects of our business and operations. However, we may be exposed to future losses due to coverage limitations and our use of deductibles and self-insured retentions for our exposures related to property and equipment damage, builder’s risk, third-party liability, and worker’ compensation and USL&H. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of limitations of our insurance coverage.

Available Information

We make available our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, free of charge through our Internet website at www.gulfisland.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are electronically filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC also maintains an Internet website at www.sec.gov that contains periodic reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following discussion of risk factors contains forward-looking statements (see “Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Information”). These risk factors are important to understanding other statements in this Report. The following information should be read in conjunction with Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” found elsewhere in this Report, which may include additional factors that could adversely affect our business. References to “Notes” relate to the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements (“Financial Statements”) in Item 8.

Our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results, cash flows, liquidity and stock price may be affected materially and adversely, in whole or in part, by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause our actual financial condition, operating results, liquidity and cash flows to vary materially from historical results or those anticipated, projected or assumed in our forward-looking statements. Further, new risks emerge from time to time. In addition, our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results, cash flows, liquidity and stock price could be affected by additional factors that apply to all companies generally which are not specifically mentioned below.

Business and Industry Risks

Our revenue and profitability continues to be dependent on the offshore oil and gas industry, which is a historically cyclical industry.

Our business continues to be significantly dependent on the level of capital expenditures by oil and gas producers, processors and their contractors, as well as alternative energy companies, operating in the GOM and along the Gulf Coast. The level of capital expenditures by these companies can be impacted by oil and gas and associated commodity prices. In recent years, the price of oil and gas has experienced significant volatility, which resulted in reductions in capital spending and drilling activities from our traditional offshore oil and gas customer base. Consequently, our operating results and cash flows were negatively impacted from reductions in revenue, lower margins due to competitive pricing, and under-utilization of our operating facilities and resources. Although oil and gas prices have recovered from the historic lows seen in 2020, due in part to the conflict in Ukraine and related European energy crisis, there are no assurances that the increase in prices will be sustained or that our business will benefit from such increase in prices.

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In addition to commodity prices, the levels of our customers’ capital expenditures are influenced by, among other things:

We are unable to predict future oil and gas prices or the level of oil and gas industry activity for the services we provide. Further, the current relative stabilization in oil and gas prices and increase in bidding activity may not necessarily translate into long-term increased activity. Even during periods of relatively high oil and gas prices, our customers may cancel or curtail capital expenditure programs for exploration and production and repair and maintenance of their offshore assets due to uncertainty regarding oil and gas prices and other priorities for cash flows, including investment in energy transition projects. Advances in onshore exploration and development technologies, particularly with respect to large, onshore shale production areas, or energy transition projects could result in our historical customers allocating a higher percentage of their capital expenditure budgets to such activities and we may not be successful securing new project awards related to these activities. See risk factor below titled “Our efforts to strategically reposition the Company to diversify our service offerings and customer base may not result in increased shareholder value.” In addition, an increase in gas prices could also negatively impact future investments in petrochemical and other facilities that benefit from lower gas prices. These factors could cause our revenue and margins to remain depressed and limit our future growth opportunities. See “Overview” in Item 7 for further discussion of the impacts of oil and gas price volatility.

The impacts on our business of the volatility of oil and gas prices and other factors that have influenced our customers’ capital spending have included, or may continue to include, among other things, reduced bidding activity; suspension or termination of backlog; deterioration of customer financial condition; and unanticipated project costs and schedule delays due to supply chain disruptions, labor and material price increases, lower labor productivity, increased employee and contractor absenteeism and turnover, craft labor hiring challenges, increased safety incidents, lack of performance by subcontractors and suppliers, and contract disputes. For example, in February 2023, we received direction from our customer to suspend all activities on our offshore jackets project. No duration of the suspension or timing of potential recommencement of the project was provided. See Note 2 and “New Project Awards and Backlog” in Item 7 for further discussion of the project suspension.

We service industries that are highly competitive among service providers.

The onshore refining, petrochemical, LNG and industrial fabrication industries and the offshore oil and gas fabrication and services industry are highly competitive and influenced by events largely outside of our control. In addition, as we seek fabrication opportunities related to rapidly growing energy transition initiatives, including in support of our customers who are making energy transitions away from fossil fuels, opportunities related to offshore wind developments and potential future onshore support structures to provide electricity from renewable and green sources, we expect to face increased competition. Contracts for our fabrication and services projects are often awarded on a competitively bid basis, and our customers consider many factors when awarding a project. These factors include price, ability to meet the customer’s schedule, the availability and capacity of personnel, equipment and facilities, and the reputation, experience, and safety record of the contractor. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to maintain our current competitive position or that we will be able to successfully compete with other companies as the green energy transition progresses. In addition, we often compete with companies that have greater resources, which may make them more competitive for certain projects.

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Competition with foreign fabricators can also be challenging as such competitors often have lower operating costs and lower wage rates, and foreign governments often use subsidies and incentives to create local jobs and impose import duties and fees on products. In addition, technological innovations have lowered transportation costs, increasing the competitiveness of foreign competitors when exporting structures from foreign locations to the GOM and Gulf Coast, which may hinder our ability to successfully secure new awards for projects destined for the GOM and Gulf Coast from foreign locations. See “Competition” within Item 1 for further discussion of the competitive nature of our industry.

A small number of customers may represent a significant portion of our revenue.

We derive a significant amount of our revenue from a small number of customers in any given year. For our Services Division, our services for such customers are generally subject to master services agreements, and accordingly, such customers tend to be consistent each year; however, the amount of revenue may vary between years because the level of services that we may provide depends on, among other things, the amount of that customer’s capital expenditure budget, our labor availability and our ability to meet the customer’s schedule requirements. For our Fabrication Division, our services for such customers are generally project specific, and accordingly, may account for a significant portion of our revenue in one year, but represent a smaller or even immaterial portion of our revenue in subsequent years, or vice-versa. We define significant customers as those that individually comprise 10% or more of our consolidated revenue. For 2022, we had two customers that accounted for 48% of our consolidated revenue, and for 2021, we had two customers that accounted for 54% of our consolidated revenue. The loss of a significant customer in any given year for any reason, including a sustained decline in that customer’s capital expenditure budget or competitive factors, could result in a substantial loss of revenue. See “Customers” in Item 1 for further discussion of our customers.

Competitive pricing common in the industries we serve could negatively impact our operating results.

The industries we serve are highly competitive, and as a result, we have not always been successful in fully recovering our project and overhead costs or realizing a profit, even when industry conditions are favorable. While we have recently experienced an increase in bidding activity for fabrication projects and demand for our services remains high, this trend may not continue. Additionally, as it relates to our fabrication business, during periods of increased market demand, new fabrication service capacity may enter the market, which could place pressure on the pricing of our fabrication projects. Furthermore, during periods of declining pricing for our fabrication projects and services, we may not be able to reduce our costs accordingly, which could impact our ability to compete.

Operational Risks

Our business depends on the award of new contracts and the timing and execution of those awards.

It is difficult to predict whether or when we will be awarded new contracts due to complex bidding and selection processes, changes in existing or forecast market conditions, governmental regulations, permitting and environmental matters. In the case of our Fabrication Division, while we have seen an increase in bidding activities and we secured a large new project award for offshore jacket foundations in 2022, we can provide no assurances that the higher level of bidding activity will continue during 2023 and beyond or that we will be successful in securing any additional large project awards. Our results of operations and cash flows can fluctuate materially from period to period based on our success in securing new project awards

Our short-term profitability may be affected from time to time as we balance our current capacity with expectations of future project awards and the timing of execution of new project awards. If an expected new project award is delayed or not received, or project execution is delayed subsequent to an award, we may incur costs to maintain an idle workforce and facilities, or alternatively, we may determine that our long-term interests are best served by reducing our workforce and incurring increased costs associated with termination benefits. For example, in February 2023, we received direction from our customer to suspend all activities on our offshore jackets project. No duration of the suspension or timing of potential recommencement of the project was provided. See Note 2 and “New Project Awards and Backlog” in Item 7 for further discussion of the project suspension. A reduction in our workforce could also impact our results of operations if customers are hesitant to award new contracts based upon our staffing levels or if we are unable to adequately increase our labor force and staff projects that are awarded following our workforce reductions over recent years. See the risk factor below titled “We may be unable to employ a sufficient number of skilled personnel to execute our projects.”

We may be unable to successfully defend against claims made against us by customers, subcontractors or other parties, or recover claims made by us against customers, subcontractors or other parties.

We are, and may in the future become, involved in various legal proceedings and subject to other contingencies that have arisen or may arise in the ordinary course of our business. Our projects are generally complex, and we may encounter difficulties in design, engineering, schedule changes and other factors, some of which may be beyond our control, that affect our ability to complete projects in accordance with contractual delivery dates or to otherwise meet contractual performance obligations.

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We may bring claims against customers for additional costs incurred by us resulting from customer-caused delays or changes in project scope initiated by our customers that are not part of the original contract scope. In addition, claims may be brought against us by customers relating to, among other things, alleged defective or incomplete work, breaches of warranty and/or late completion of work. We may also have disputes with our subcontractors and other parties, related to, among other things, indemnification obligations. These claims may be subject to lengthy and/or expensive litigation or arbitration proceedings and may require us to invest significant working capital in projects to cover cost increases pending resolution of the claims. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain and adverse developments or outcomes can result in significant monetary damages, penalties, other sanctions or injunctive relief against us, limitations on our property rights, or regulatory interpretations that increase our operating costs. A material adverse outcome in any uninsured litigation could result in our liabilities exceeding our assets. See “Legal Proceedings” in Item 3 and Note 9 for discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

We have certain continuing obligations in connection with the Shipyard Transaction. If there were any indemnification or other claims arising out of the Shipyard Transaction that are not resolved in our favor, we may not realize the full economic value we expect to derive from the Shipyard Transaction.

Regardless of the merit of particular claims, defending against litigation or responding to investigations can be expensive, time-consuming, disruptive to our operations and distracting to management. In recognition of these considerations, we may enter into agreements or other arrangements to settle litigation and resolve such challenges. There can be no assurance such agreements can be obtained on acceptable terms or that litigation will not occur or that we will not incur charges resulting from any such agreements or settlements.

The nature of our contracting terms for our contracts could adversely affect our operating results.

A substantial number of our projects are performed on a fixed-price or unit-rate basis in any given year. Under fixed-price contracts, our contract price is fixed, and is generally only subject to adjustment for changes in scope by the customer. Accordingly, we retain cost savings realized on a project but are also responsible for cost overruns. Under unit-rate contracts, material items or labor tasks are assigned unit rates of measure. The unit rates of measure will generally be a reimbursable value per ton, per foot or square foot or per item installed. A typical unit-rate contract can contain hundreds to thousands of unit rates of measure. Profit margins are incorporated into the unit-rates and, similar to a fixed-price contract, we retain cost savings realized on a project but are also responsible for cost overruns. In many cases, our fixed-price and unit-rate contracts involve complex design and engineering, significant procurement of materials and equipment, and extensive project management. In addition, as projects increase or decrease in scope, the resulting changes in contract price or unit-rates could be less than the actual costs incurred associated with such changes in scope. We employ our best efforts to properly estimate the cost to complete our projects; however, our actual costs incurred could materially exceed our estimates. The revenue, costs and profit realized on a contract will often vary from the estimated amounts on which such contract was originally estimated due to the following:

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These variations and risks are inherent within our industry and may result in revenue and profit that differ from amounts originally estimated or result in losses on projects. Depending on the size and duration of a project, variations from estimated contract performance can have a significant impact on our operating results. In addition, substantially all of our contracts require us to continue work in accordance with the contractually agreed schedule, and thus, continue to incur expenses for labor and materials, notwithstanding the occurrence of a disagreement with a customer over changes in scope, increased pricing and/or unresolved change orders or claims.

Our backlog is subject to change as a result of delay, suspension, termination or an increase or decrease in scope for projects currently in backlog.

The revenue projected in our backlog may not be realized or, if realized, may not be profitable. Projects included in our backlog are generally subject to delay, suspension, termination, or an increase or decrease in scope at the option of the customer. Depending on the size of the project, the delay, suspension, termination, increase or decrease in scope of any project could significantly impact our backlog and change the expected amount and timing of revenue recognized. Further, for certain projects we may be at greater risk of delays (or further delays, as applicable), suspensions and cancellations in light of the current global macroeconomics, including the conflict in the Ukraine and resulting European energy crisis. In addition, whether a project proceeds as scheduled, is suspended or terminated, it is possible that the customer may default by failing to pay amounts owed to us, including reimbursement to us for third-party costs we have committed or incurred on the customer’s behalf. For example, in February 2023, we received direction from our customer to suspend all activities on our offshore jackets project. No duration of the suspension or timing of potential recommencement of the project was provided. Accordingly, our backlog as of any date is an uncertain indicator of future results of operations. See Note 2 and “New Project Awards and Backlog” in Item 7 for further discussion of our new project awards and backlog and the project suspension.

We depend on third parties to provide services and supply raw materials, equipment and components necessary to perform our contractual obligations, and any increase in the price or constraints on the supply of such raw materials, equipment or components could negatively affect our profitability.

The price and availability of the raw materials required to execute our projects are subject to volatility and disruptions caused by global economic factors that are beyond our control, including, but not limited to, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, wage pressures, rising inflation and potential economic slowdown or recession, increases in fuel and energy costs, the impact of natural disasters, public health crises (such as COVID-19), geopolitical conflicts (such as the conflict in Ukraine), foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and other matters that have or could impact the global economy.

We rely on third parties to provide raw materials, equipment and components, and depend upon subcontractors for a variety of reasons, including performing work we would otherwise perform with our employees but are unable to do so as a result of scheduling demands, performing certain aspects of a contract more efficiently considering the conditions of the contract, and performing certain services that we are unable to do or which we believe can be performed at a lower cost by subcontractors. Recently, supplier and subcontractor delays negatively affected our completion of certain of our Active Retained Shipyard Contracts, thus prolonging the wind down of our Shipyard Division operations and resulting in losses in excess of our previous estimates for the Active Retained Shipyard Contracts. See Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of supplier and subcontractor delays on our projects.

Ensuring continuity of supply of such raw materials to our operations is critical to our business. We also rely on the availability of equipment and components for key equipment from our suppliers, which may be impacted by competition demands as well as the availability of input materials in the creation of such equipment and components for key equipment. Failure of suppliers and subcontractors to deliver raw materials, equipment and components and provide services, or perform under their contracts on a timely basis, or at all, has had and may continue to have an adverse impact on our operations. The impact of global macroeconomics on our suppliers and subcontractors has resulted in, and may continue to result in, scheduling delays and higher costs, including as a result of inflation, for subcontracted services and raw materials, equipment and components. For example, certain deliverables from third-party engineering firms supporting our projects have been delayed. Further, there continue to be global shipping and logistics challenges, which began during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A supplier’s failure to supply raw materials, equipment or components in a timely manner or to meet our quality, quantity or cost requirements or technical specifications, or our inability to obtain alternative sources of raw materials, equipment or components on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, could adversely affect our operations. The inability of our suppliers or subcontractors to perform could result in the need to transition to alternative suppliers or subcontractors, which could result in significant incremental costs and delay, or the need for us to provide other supplemental means to support our existing suppliers and subcontractors. Disruptions and performance problems caused by our suppliers and subcontractors, or a misalignment between our contractual obligations to our customers and our agreements with our subcontractors and suppliers, could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers.

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We may be protected from increases in material costs through cost escalation provisions in some of our contracts. However, the difference between our actual material costs and these escalation provisions may expose us to cost uncertainty. In addition, we may experience significant delays in deliveries of key raw materials, which may occur as a result of availability or price, including higher costs due to inflation. While delays and shortages of raw materials, equipment and components did not significantly impact our results in 2022, these issues may continue in 2023 and such shortages and delays may become material.

The limits on our insurance coverage could expose us to potentially significant liability and costs.

The fabrication of structures and the services we provide involves operating hazards that can cause accidents resulting in personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment, and suspension of operations. In addition, due to the proximity to the GOM, our facilities are subject to the possibility of physical damage caused by hurricanes or flooding. For example, in 2021, Hurricane Ida damaged our buildings, equipment and vessels under construction and in our possession, at our Houma Facilities, which resulted in repair and replacement costs in excess of our deductible amounts. We may incur additional costs beyond such amounts if damages are determined to be in excess of insurance coverage amounts or if costs we believed to be covered by our insurance coverages are ultimately not covered. See the risk factor below titled “We are susceptible to adverse weather conditions in our market areas” for further discussion of the impacts of adverse weather conditions to our operations.

Further, our employees may engage in certain activities that are covered by the provisions of the Jones Act or USL&H, including services conducted on offshore platforms, services performed on barges owned or chartered by us, and construction activities associated with marine vessels that are performed at our facilities. These laws make the liability limits established under state workers’ compensation laws inapplicable to these employees and, instead, permit them or their representatives to pursue actions against us for damages or job-related injuries, with generally no limitations on our potential liability. Our ownership and operation of vessels and our fabrication of customer vessels can also give rise to large and varied liability risks, such as risks of collisions with other vessels or structures, sinking, fires and other marine casualties, which can result in significant claims for damages against both us and third parties. Litigation arising from any such occurrences may result in our being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting large claims.

We may be exposed to future losses through our use of deductibles and self-insured retentions for our exposures related to third-party liability and workers’ compensation. We expect liabilities in excess of any deductible to be covered by insurance. Although we believe that our insurance coverages are adequate, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance at rates we consider reasonable or that our insurance coverages will be adequate to cover claims that may arise. To the extent we are self-insured, reserves are recorded based upon our estimates, with input from legal and insurance advisors. Changes in assumptions, as well as changes in actual experience, could cause these estimates to change.

Changes in the insurance industry have generally led to higher insurance costs and decreased availability of coverage. The availability of insurance that covers risks we typically insure against may decrease, and the insurance that we are able to obtain may have higher deductibles, higher premiums and more restrictive policy terms. For example, in 2022, our property and equipment insurance premiums increased significantly following Hurricane Ida and could increase further, particularly following any future major storm event. See Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of Hurricane Ida.

Our project execution and operations may be negatively affected if our equipment is not operable or does not adequately function.

Our project execution and operations are heavily dependent on the use of owned and leased equipment. Accordingly, equipment that is not operable or that does not adequately function could negatively impact our project execution and operations. As our equipment ages, the costs associated with maintaining such equipment typically increases, and in some instances, such equipment may require full replacement. In recent years we have not made significant investments in new equipment or the refurbishment of owned equipment, and accordingly, future repair or replacement costs could be significantly higher than those recently experienced. Further, equipment that becomes non-operable or that does not properly function may result in the temporary suspension of our operations until the equipment is repaired or replaced, and such impacts may be compounded by limitations on the availability and timely receipt of replacement equipment or component parts. See the risk factor above titled “We depend on third parties to provide services to perform our contractual obligations and supply raw materials and components and any increase in the price or constraints on the supply of raw materials or components could negatively affect our profitability” for discussion of the availability of equipment and component parts.

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Systems and information technology interruption or failure and data security breaches could adversely impact our ability to operate or expose us to significant financial losses and reputational harm.

We rely heavily on computer information, communications technology and related systems in order to properly operate our business. From time to time, we experience occasional system interruptions and delays. In the event we are unable to deploy software and hardware, effectively upgrade our systems and network infrastructure, and take other steps to maintain or improve the efficiency and efficacy of our systems, the operation of such systems could be interrupted or result in the loss, corruption or release of data. In addition, our computer and communications systems and operations could be damaged or interrupted by natural disasters, force majeure events, telecommunications failures, power loss, acts of war or terrorism, physical or electronic security breaches, intentional or inadvertent user misuse or error, or similar events or disruptions. Any of these or other events could cause interruptions, delays, loss of critical and/or sensitive data or similar effects.

In addition, we face the threat to our computer systems of unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses, malicious code, organized cyber-attacks and other security problems and system disruptions. If we were to be subject to a cyber incident or attack, it could result in the disclosure of confidential or proprietary customer information, theft, loss, corruption or misappropriation of intellectual property, damage to our reputation with our customers and the market, failure to meet customer requirements or customer dissatisfaction, theft, exposure to litigation, damage to equipment and other financial costs and losses. We rely on industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain all confidential and proprietary information on our computer systems, but these systems are still vulnerable to such threats. In addition, as cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of these system disruptions and security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these disruptions and breaches.

We may conduct a portion of our operations through joint ventures and strategic alliances over which we may have limited control, and our partners in such arrangements may not perform.

We may conduct a portion of our operations through joint ventures and strategic alliances with business partners. In any such arrangement, differences in views among the participants may result in delayed decisions or in failures to reach agreement on certain matters, or to do so in a timely manner. In any joint venture or strategic alliance in which we hold a non-controlling interest, we may have limited control over many decisions relating to joint venture operations and internal controls relating to operations. We also cannot control the actions of our partners, including any non-performance, default, or bankruptcy of our partners, and we would likely share liability or have joint and/or several liability with our partners for joint venture matters.

Major public health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, may have a negative impact on our operations.

Pandemics, epidemics, widespread illness or other health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic (including any new variants), that interfere with the ability of our employees, suppliers, customers, financing sources or others to conduct business have and could adversely affect the global economy and our operations and business, including our backlog and bidding activities. See the risk factors above titled “Our revenue and profitability continues to be dependent on the offshore oil and gas industry, which is a historically cyclical industry” and “We depend on third parties to provide services to perform our contractual obligations and supply raw materials and any increase in the price or constraints on supply of raw materials could negatively affect our profitability” for further discussion of the impacts of major public health crises on our operations.

Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected if significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions or other restrictions. For example, our operations (as well as the operations of our customers, subcontractors and other counterparties) were negatively impacted by the physical distancing, quarantine and isolation measures recommended by national, state and local authorities on large portions of the population, and mandatory business closures that were enacted in an attempt to control the spread of COVID-19, and which could be reenacted in response to any future major public health crisis (including any new and emerging strains and variants of COVID-19).

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Financial Risks

We may need additional capital in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, contract commitments and/or acquisitions, and we may not be able to obtain or raise such capital (whether debt or equity) or do so on favorable terms, which would impair our ability to operate our business or execute our strategy.

Our primary sources of liquidity are our cash, cash equivalents and scheduled maturities of short-term investments. If such amounts and cash flows from operating activities are not sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, contract commitments and obligations, and/or acquisition opportunities, we would be required to reduce our capital expenditures and/or forego certain contracts and/or acquisition opportunities, or we would be required to fund such needs through debt or equity issuances or through other financing alternatives, including the sale of assets. See risk factor below titled “We may not be able to obtain letters of credit or surety bonds if and when needed on favorable terms, if at all, and we may not have sufficient liquidity to satisfy any indemnification obligations owed to a surety should the surety have to make payments under the performance bonds to the beneficiary thereof” for further discussion of the impacts that potential indemnification obligations may have on our liquidity.

We may be required to make capital investments in our existing or new facilities and increase our working capital to support our backlog or new project awards. The capital outlays and working capital required by us to execute such projects could exceed our existing, cash, cash equivalents, scheduled maturities of short-term investments and cash flows from operating activities, and we may not be able to obtain debt financing or credit facilities to fund any such capital investment or working capital requirements.

Our ability to successfully obtain debt financing or credit facilities or raise equity capital in the future will depend in part upon prevailing capital market conditions, as well as conditions in our business and our operating results, and those factors may affect our efforts to obtain additional capital on terms that are satisfactory to us. There are a number of potential negative consequences for the energy sector that may result if oil and gas prices remain volatile (which has been exacerbated by the conflict in Ukraine and related European energy crisis) or decline or if oil and gas companies continue to de-prioritize investments in exploration, development and production, including the continued or worsening of outflow of credit and capital from the energy sector and/or energy focused companies and further efforts by lenders to reduce their exposure to the energy sector, including the imposition of increased lending standards for the energy sector, higher borrowing costs and collateral requirements, or a refusal to extend new credit or amend existing credit facilities in the energy sector. These potential negative consequences may be exacerbated by the pressure exerted on financial institutions by regulatory agencies to respond quickly and decisively to credit risk that develops in distressed industries. All of these factors may complicate our ability to achieve a favorable outcome in obtaining debt financing or credit facilities.

In order to secure debt financing or credit facilities with borrowing capacity, if available, we may be required to provide significant collateral, pay high interest rates and otherwise agree to restrictive terms. Collateral requirements and higher borrowing costs may limit our long- and short-term financial flexibility, and any failure to secure debt financing or credit facilities on terms that are acceptable to us could jeopardize our ability to fund, among other things, capital expenditures and general working capital needs or meet our other financial commitments. For example, in 2021, we entered into a multiple indebtedness mortgage (“Mortgage Agreement”) and a restrictive covenant arrangement (“Restrictive Covenant Agreement”) with one of our Sureties to secure our obligations and liabilities under our general indemnity agreement with such Surety associated with its outstanding surety bond obligations for our MPSV projects and two forty-vehicle ferry projects. We could be required to provide additional collateral to such Surety in support of these performance bonds or other performance bonds issued by such Surety or other Sureties. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 and Note 6 for further discussion of our Mortgage Agreement and Restrictive Covenant Agreement.

If adequate capital is not available, or not available on beneficial terms, we may not be able to make future investments, take advantage of acquisitions or other investment opportunities, or respond to competitive challenges. This could limit our ability to bid on new project opportunities, thereby limiting our potential growth and profitability.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our obligations.

Our ability to fund operations depends on our ability to generate future cash flows from operations. This, to a large extent, is subject to conditions in the oil and gas industry, including commodity prices, demand for our services and the prices we are able to charge for our services, general economic and financial conditions, competition in the markets in which we operate, the impact of legislative and regulatory actions on how we conduct our business and other factors, all of which are beyond our control. During 2022 and 2021, we experienced negative cash flows from operations, and this trend could continue if global macroeconomic conditions continue or worsen or oil and gas prices decline significantly resulting in delayed or suspended capital expenditures by customers, or if we were to experience losses on our projects or in any pending litigation. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 for further discussion of our business outlook.

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We may not be able to obtain letters of credit or surety bonds if and when needed on favorable terms, if at all, and we may not have sufficient liquidity to satisfy any indemnification obligations owed to a surety should the surety have to make payments under the performance bonds to the beneficiary thereof.

Certain of our projects require that we issue letters of credit or surety bonds to our customers in order to secure advance payments or guarantee performance under our contracts. Our LC Facility currently provides for letters of credit, which are subject to cash securitization. With respect to letters of credit under our LC Facility, any advance in the event of non-performance under a contract would become a direct obligation and reduction in our cash. With respect to surety bonds, including the construction contracts associated with our MPSV Litigation, payments by the Surety pursuant to a bond in the event of non-performance are subject to reimbursement to the Surety by us under a general indemnity agreement. Such indemnification obligations may include the face amount of the surety bond, or portions thereof, as well as other reimbursable items such as interest and certain investigative expenses and legal fees of the Surety. Such indemnification obligations would require us to use our cash, cash equivalents or short-term investments, and we may not have sufficient liquidity to satisfy such indemnification obligations. When a contract is complete, the contingent obligation terminates, and letters of credit or surety bonds are returned. It has been increasingly difficult to obtain letters of credit and bonding capacity and identify potential financing sources, due to, among other things, losses from our operations in recent years, including charges on projects within our Shipyard Division and discontinued operations. We can provide no assurances that necessary letters of credit or bonding capacity will be available to support future project requirements or that we will have sufficient liquidity to satisfy any future indemnification obligations. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 and Note 6 for further discussion of our LC Facility and surety bonds, and “Legal Proceedings” in Item 3 and Note 9 for further discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

We are exposed to the credit risks of our customers, including nonpayment and nonperformance by our customers.

The oil and gas industry continues to face significant challenges due to the prolonged period of depressed and/or volatile oil and gas prices from 2014 to 2018 and subsequent ongoing volatility in oil and gas prices, which have been impacted by the conflict in Ukraine and related European energy crisis.

The concentration of our customers in the oil and gas industry may impact our overall exposure to credit risk as customers may be similarly affected by negative changes in industry conditions. We believe certain of our customers finance their activities through cash flows from operations and debt or equity financing. Many of these customers have faced significant challenges since 2008 due to the volatility in the price of oil and gas, including decreased cash flows, reductions in borrowing capacity, the inability to access capital or credit markets, and reductions in liquidity. While the prices of oil and gas have recently increased, the price remains volatile, due in part to the conflict in the Ukraine and related European energy crisis. If the price of oil and gas significantly declined or the returns on capital investments by our customers are insufficient, our operations could be impacted due to nonpayment or nonperformance by our customers. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and do not generally require collateral in support of our trade receivables. While we maintain reserves for potential credit losses, we can provide no assurances that such reserves will be sufficient to cover uncollectible receivable amounts or that our losses from such receivables will be consistent with our expectations.

Furthermore, some of our customers may be highly leveraged and subject to their own operating and regulatory risks, which increases the risk that they may default on their obligations to us. To the extent one or more of our key customers is in financial distress or commences bankruptcy proceedings, contracts with, or obligations from, these customers may be subject to renegotiation or rejection under applicable provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and similar international laws. During 2021, Hornbeck emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy; however, our MPSV Litigation is ongoing. See “Legal Proceedings” in Item 3 and Note 9 for further discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

Our method of accounting for revenue using the percentage-of-completion method could have a negative impact on our results of operations.

Revenue and gross profit for contracts accounted for using the percentage-of-completion method can be significantly affected by changes in estimated cost to complete such contracts. Significant estimates impacting the cost to complete a contract include: forecast costs of engineering, materials, equipment and subcontracts; forecast costs of labor and labor productivity; schedule durations, including subcontractor and supplier progress; contract disputes, including claims; achievement of contractual performance requirements; and contingency, among others. The cumulative impact of revisions in total cost estimates during the progress of work is reflected in the period in which these changes become known, including, to the extent required, the reversal of profit recognized in prior periods and the recognition of losses expected to be incurred on contracts. Due to the various estimates inherent in our contract accounting, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could result in material changes to our Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Further, our time and materials (“T&M”), cost-reimbursable and unit-rate contracts generally have more variability in the scope of work than fixed-price contracts and provide our customers with greater influence over the timing of when we perform our work. Accordingly, such contracts often result in less predictability with respect to the timing of when our revenue is recognized. See “Critical Accounting Policies” in Item 7 and Note 2 for further discussion of our contracting and revenue recognition.

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Disruptions at the regional bank in which we deposit our funds could have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.

We hold substantially all of our cash deposits with a single regional bank and we rely on our deposits with the bank to fund our operations. Any disruption in the bank’s ability to process payments or maintain our deposits would significantly disrupt our business and could materially affect our operations. In addition, we currently have cash and cash equivalents deposited in excess of federally insured levels with the bank, and if the bank were to fail, we could lose our deposits in excess of insured levels. Recently, federal governmental agencies have taken action to protect uninsured deposits at certain U.S. banks; however, if the regional bank in which we hold funds for operations were to fail, we cannot provide any assurances that such governmental agencies will take similar actions.

Workforce Risks

We may be unable to employ a sufficient number of skilled personnel to execute our projects.

Our productivity and profitability are significantly dependent upon our ability to attract and retain skilled construction supervision and craft labor, primarily welders, pipe fitters and equipment operators. The fabrication and services industries have lost a significant number of experienced professionals over the years due to the aging of the workforce and the cyclical nature of the oil and gas industry, which is attributable, among other reasons, to the volatility of oil and gas prices and a more generalized concern about the overall future prospects of the oil and gas industry. See risk factor above titled “Our revenue and profitability continues to be dependent on the offshore oil and gas industry, which is a historically cyclical industry.” Many companies, including us, have reduced their skilled workforce in response to decreases in utilization. However, with the current increase in oil and gas prices, we have experienced an increase in bidding activity. The current competitive labor market may make it more difficult to increase our labor force to desirable levels based on our expanding customer demand and increases in our backlog. We cannot be certain that we will be able to attract and retain the qualified labor force required to meet current or future needs at a reasonable cost, or at all.

With the recent increased demand for construction and services labor, the supply of skilled labor has become increasingly limited resulting in higher costs of labor, including increases in wage rates and the costs of recruiting or training to attract and retain qualified personnel, which could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, due to the higher demand for our services, if we cannot employ the necessary skilled labor to execute our backlog, we have had, and may have to continue, to increase our use of contract labor, which may have a higher cost and lower levels of productivity.

If we are unable to hire and retain necessary skilled labor, we may be unable to secure new project awards, execute our backlog and expand our operations. Further, any shortage of skilled labor or ongoing challenges hiring and retaining skilled labor could negatively affect the quality, safety, timeliness and profitability of our projects.

Our success is dependent on key personnel.

Our success is dependent upon the abilities of our executives, management, and other key employees who have significant and relevant industry experience. Our success also depends on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly-skilled personnel in various areas, including construction supervision, project management, procurement, project controls and finance. The loss of one or more key personnel or our inability to attract, retain and motivate necessary personnel could impact our operations.

If we continue to have insufficient utilization levels for our facilities or personnel, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.

In recent years we have experienced an under-utilization of our facilities and personnel and have not fully recovered our overhead costs, due in part to the high fixed costs of our operations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and volatile oil and gas prices. This has resulted in losses from our operations. If current or future facility and personnel capacity fails to match current or future customer demands for our services, our facilities would continue to be under-utilized, which could result in less profitable operations or ongoing losses from our operations.

Our employees and subcontractors work on projects that are inherently dangerous. If we fail to maintain safe work sites, we can be exposed to significant financial losses and reputational harm.

We work on projects with large, mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, and dangerous processes, which can place our employees and subcontractors in challenging environments. We maintain a safety assurance program designed to ensure the safety of our employees and subcontractors and to ensure that we remain in compliance with all applicable federal and state mandated safety regulations. If our safety assurance program fails, our employees, subcontractors and others may become injured, disabled or lose their lives, and our projects may be delayed, causing exposure to litigation or investigations by regulators.

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Unsafe conditions at project work sites also have the potential to increase employee turnover, increase project costs and increase our operating costs. In addition, our customers often require that we meet certain safety criteria to be eligible to bid contracts. Our failure to maintain adequate safety standards could result in lost project awards and customers or preclude us from tendering future bids.

Strategic Risks

Our efforts to strategically reposition the Company to diversify our service offerings and customer base may not result in increased shareholder value.

Our operations have historically been focused on fabrication and services for the offshore oil and gas industry. We have begun to diversify our business through the pursuit of onshore fabrication opportunities and sustainable energy and other projects that are not related to our traditional offshore oil and gas markets. While the sale of our Shipyard Division assets and a majority of our long-term construction contracts resulted in a less diversified business portfolio such that we have a greater dependency on the performance of our remaining operations for our financial results, during 2021, we expanded our offshore services offerings and further diversified our offshore customer base through the DSS Acquisition. In addition, during 2022, we made capital and other investments to expand our offshore services offering to include welding enclosures, which provides a safe environment for welding, cutting and burning without the need to shut down operations. Entry into, or further development of, new lines of business may expose us to risks that are different from those we have experienced historically. We may not be able to effectively manage these additional risks or implement successful business strategies and our cash flows derived from any new lines of business may not be consistent with our expectations or be insufficient to fully recover our investment. Additionally, our competitors in these expanded lines of business may possess greater operational knowledge, resources and experience than we do. These diversification initiatives may not increase shareholder value and could result in a reduction in shareholder value depending upon our required capital investment and success.

Any future rationalization of under-utilized assets or facilities to improve our asset or facility utilization could result in future losses or impairments and may not produce our desired results.

We may take actions to relocate assets, consolidate operations and rationalize under-utilized assets and facilities to improve our utilization. Such actions may include the sale of assets or the closure or consolidation of one or more of our facilities and the termination of facility employees. During 2022, we sold the Harvey Option associated with the Harvey Option Facility, and during 2021, we sold our Shipyard Facility in connection with the Shipyard Transaction and consolidated certain operations within our Houma Facilities. In connection therewith, during 2021 we recorded impairments of certain assets and recorded losses on the sale of certain assets and on the Shipyard Transaction. A future sale of assets or facility closure or consolidation could result in further impairments of facility assets and other restructuring or exits costs, including retention, severance or other costs associated with terminated personnel. Further, we can provide no assurances that any asset sales or facility closure or consolidation will result in an improvement in our overall utilization or that the costs of doing so will not exceed the benefits expected to be gained from the asset sales or closure or consolidation of a facility. In addition, any decisions made regarding our deployment or use of any sales proceeds we receive involves risks and uncertainties. As a result, our decisions with respect to such proceeds may not lead to increased long-term shareholder value. See Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction and Note 4 for further discussion of the sale of the Harvey Option.

Legal, Regulatory and Environmental Risks

Any changes in U.S. trade policies and retaliatory responses from other countries may significantly increase the costs or limit supplies of materials and products used in our fabrication projects.

In the past few years, the federal government has imposed new or increased tariffs or duties on an array of imported materials and products used in connection with our fabrication business, which raised our costs for these items (or products made with them), and threatened to impose further tariffs, duties and/or trade restrictions on imports. Foreign governments, including China and Canada, and trading blocs, such as the European Union, responded by imposing or increasing tariffs, duties and/or trade restrictions on U.S. goods. For example, in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the U.S. and other countries have imposed sanctions and/or other restrictive actions against Russia. These developments have caused global economic disruptions, including increases in energy prices and the related European energy crisis. Any trading conflicts and related escalating governmental actions that result in additional tariffs, duties and/or trade restrictions could increase our costs, cause disruptions or shortages in our supply chains and/or negatively impact the U.S., regional or local economies.

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We are susceptible to adverse weather conditions in our market areas.

Our operations may be subject to seasonal variations due to weather conditions and daylight hours, and to the extent climate change results in an increase in extreme adverse weather conditions, the likelihood of a negative impact on our operations may increase. Although we have large covered fabrication facilities, a significant amount of our fabrication activities continues to take place outdoors, and accordingly, the number of labor hours worked may decline during the winter months due to unfavorable weather conditions and a decrease in daylight hours. In addition, the seasonality of oil and gas industry activity in the GOM also affects our operations. Our offshore oil and gas customers often schedule the completion of their projects during the summer months in order to take advantage of more favorable weather during such months. Further, rainy weather, tropical storms, hurricanes and other storms prevalent in the GOM and along the Gulf Coast may also affect our operations. For example, in 2021, we experienced damage to our Houma Facilities due to Hurricane Ida, which made landfall as high-end Category 4 hurricane. Beyond financial and regulatory impacts, climate change poses potential physical risks. Scientific studies forecast that these risks include increases in sea levels, stresses on water supply, rising average temperatures and other changes in weather conditions, such as increases in precipitation and extreme weather events, such as floods, heat waves, hurricanes and other tropical storms and cyclones. The projected physical effects of climate change have the potential to directly affect the operations we conduct for customers and result in increased costs related to our operations. However, because the nature and timing of changes in extreme weather events (such as increased frequency, duration, and severity) are uncertain, it is not possible for us to estimate reliably the future financial risk to our operations caused by these potential physical risks. The impact of severe weather conditions or natural disasters has included and may continue to include the disruption of our workforce; curtailment of services; weather-related damage to our facilities and equipment, including impacts from infrastructure challenges in the surrounding areas, resulting in suspension of operations; inability to deliver equipment, personnel and products to project sites in accordance with contract schedules; and loss of productivity. Our suppliers and subcontractors are also subject to severe weather and natural or environmental disasters that have in the past and could in the future affect their ability to deliver products or services or otherwise perform under their contracts. Furthermore, our customers’ operations have been and in the future may be materially and adversely affected by severe weather and seasonal weather conditions, including Hurricane Ida, resulting in reduced demand for our services. See “Overview” in Item 7 and Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of adverse weather conditions to our operations.

The nature of the industries that we serve subjects us to compliance with regulatory and environmental laws.

Our operations and properties are subject to a wide variety of existing foreign, federal, state and local laws and other regulations. See “Government and Environmental Regulation” in Item 1 for further discussion. Compliance with many of these laws is becoming increasingly complex, stringent and expensive. These laws may impose “strict liability” for damages to natural resources or threats to public health and safety, rendering a party liable for the environmental damage without regard to its negligence or fault. Certain environmental laws provide for strict, joint and several liability for remediation of spills and other releases of hazardous substances, as well as damage to natural resources. In addition, we could be subject to claims alleging personal injury or property damage as a result of alleged exposure to hazardous substances. Such laws and regulations may also expose us to liability for the conduct of others or conditions caused by others, or acts for which we were in compliance with applicable laws at the time such acts were performed. To date, compliance with such laws has not resulted in a material adverse effect on our operations. However, we cannot predict when and whether any new or additional regulations may become effective, such as the regulatory response to climate change, and what their effect will be on us or our customers.

The demand for our services may be impacted by the regulatory response to climate change. Due to concern over the risk of climate change, several countries have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases (greenhouse gas emissions). These regulations include adoption of cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, restrictive permitting, increased efficiency standards, and incentives or mandates for renewable energy. For example, the recently adopted Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 imposes a federal fee on the emission of greenhouse gases. Existing and future regulatory response to climate change may potentially result in delays or prevent customers’ projects from going forward and could adversely affect demand for the oil and natural gas that some of our customers produce, thereby potentially limiting demand for our services. The demand for our services is also affected by changing taxes, price controls and other laws and regulations related to the oil and gas, chemicals, commodities and alternative energy industries. We may not be able to pass any resulting cost increases on to our customers.

Offshore construction and drilling in certain areas is opposed by many environmental groups and, in certain areas, has been restricted. To the extent laws are enacted or other governmental actions are taken that prohibit or restrict offshore construction and drilling or impose environmental protection requirements that result in increased costs to the oil and gas industry in general and the offshore construction industry, our business and prospects could be adversely affected. We cannot determine to what extent future operations and results of operations may be affected by new legislation, new regulations or changes in existing regulations.

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Actions of activist shareholders could create uncertainty about our future strategic direction, be costly and divert the attention of our management and board. In addition, some institutional investors may be discouraged from investing in the industries that we service.

In recent years, activist shareholders have placed increasing pressure on publicly-traded companies to effect changes to corporate governance practices, executive compensation practices or social and environmental practices, or to undertake certain corporate actions or reorganizations. Responding to challenges from activist shareholders, such as proxy contests, media campaigns or other public or private means, could be costly and time consuming and could have an adverse effect on our reputation and divert the attention and resources of management and our board, which could have an adverse effect on our business and operational results. Additionally, shareholder activism could create uncertainty about our leadership or our future strategic direction, resulting in loss of future business opportunities, which could adversely affect our business, future operations, profitability and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. As of December 31, 2022, based on our review of public filings with the SEC, we believe over one-third of our stock is held by a combination of institutional investors, pooled investment funds, and certain other investors with a history of shareholder activism. One such investor has a Schedule 13D on file with the SEC that reserves that investor’s rights to pursue corporate governance changes, board structure changes, changes to capitalization, potential business combinations or dispositions involving the Company or certain of our businesses, or suggestions for improving the Company’s financial and/or operational performance.

In addition to risks associated with activist shareholders, some institutional investors are increasingly focused on environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) factors when allocating their capital. These investors may be seeking enhanced ESG disclosures and actions or may implement policies that discourage investment in certain of the industries, including the oil and gas industry, that we service. To the extent that certain institutional investors implement policies that discourage investments in industries that we service, it could have an adverse effect on our financing costs and access to sources of capital. Further, we may not succeed in implementing or communicating an ESG message that is well understood or received. As a result, we may experience diminished reputation or sentiment, reduced access to sources of capital, an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel and loss of customers, suppliers or subcontractors.

Our business is highly dependent on our ability to utilize the navigation canals adjacent to our facilities.

Our Houma Facilities are located on the Houma Navigation Canal approximately 30 miles from the GOM and on a slip adjacent to the Houma Navigation Canal. The Houma Navigation Canal provides the shortest and least restrictive means of access from our facilities to open waters. These waterways are navigable waterways of the U.S. and, as such, are protected by federal law from unauthorized obstructions that would hinder water-borne traffic. Federal law also authorizes maintenance of these waterways by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. These waterways are dredged from time to time to maintain water depth and, while federal funding for dredging has historically been provided, there is no assurance that Congressional appropriations sufficient for adequate dredging and other maintenance of these waterways will be continued. If funding were not appropriated for that purpose, some or all of these waterways could become impassable by barges or other vessels required to transport many of our products.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

See Note 9 of our Financial Statements in Item 8 for discussion of our legal proceedings, including our MPSV Litigation, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, under the symbol “GIFI.” At February 21, 2023, there were 52 registered holders of our common stock, which does not include beneficial holders (also known as “street holders”) whose shares are held by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We had no repurchases of securities during the fourth quarter 2022. Information as to the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans is incorporated herein by reference to Item 12.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Not applicable.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is provided to assist readers in understanding our financial performance during the periods presented and significant trends that may impact our future performance. The results of operations reported and summarized below are not necessarily indicative of future operating results (refer to “Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Information” for further discussion). This discussion should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements and the related notes thereto. References to “Notes” relate to the Notes to our Financial Statements in Item 8. Certain terms are defined in the “Glossary of Terms” beginning on page ii.

Overview

We are a leading fabricator of complex steel structures and modules and provider of specialty services, including project management, hookup, commissioning, repair, maintenance, scaffolding, coatings, welding enclosures, civil construction and staffing services to the industrial and energy sectors. Our customers include U.S. and, to a lesser extent, international energy producers; refining, petrochemical, LNG, industrial and power operators; and EPC companies. We currently operate and manage our business through three operating divisions (“Services”, “Fabrication” and “Shipyard”) and one non-operating division (“Corporate”), which represent our reportable segments. Our corporate headquarters is located in The Woodlands, Texas and our primary operating facilities are located in Houma, Louisiana (“Houma Facilities”). See “Description of Operations” in Item 1 and Note 11 for discussion of our realigned reportable segments.

On April 19, 2021, we sold our Shipyard Division operating assets and certain construction contracts (“Shipyard Transaction”) and intend to wind down our remaining Shipyard Division operations (which excludes the projects that are subject to our MPSV Litigation) by the second quarter 2023 (previously the first quarter 2023, but delayed and subject to the potential schedule impacts discussed in Note 2). We determined that the Shipyard Division operations associated with the Shipyard Transaction and certain previously closed Shipyard Division facilities were discontinued operations in 2021. Accordingly, the financial information for 2021 reflects discontinued operations presentation. See Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction and our discontinued operations and Note 9 for discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

On December 1, 2021, we acquired (“DSS Acquisition”) the services and industrial staffing businesses (“DSS Business”) of Dynamic Industries, Inc. (“Dynamic”). The operating results of the DSS Business are included within our Services Division. See Note 4 for further discussion of the DSS Acquisition.

Impacts of Oil and Gas Price Volatility and Macroeconomic Conditions on Operations

Since 2008, the prices of oil and gas have experienced significant volatility, including depressed prices over extended periods, resulting in reductions in capital spending and drilling activities from our traditional offshore oil and gas customer base. Consequently, our operating results and cash flows were negatively impacted as we experienced reductions in revenue, lower margins due to competitive pricing and under-utilization of our operating facilities and resources. Beginning in 2020, the global coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) added another layer of pressure and uncertainty on oil and gas prices (with oil prices reaching a twenty-year low and gas prices reaching a four-year low), which further negatively impacted certain of our end markets during 2021 and the first quarter 2022. This volatility in oil and gas prices has been compounded by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 (and the related European energy crisis), and the U.S. and other countries actions in response (with oil prices reaching an eight-year high and gas prices reaching a fourteen-year high), which has and may continue to positively impact certain of our end markets; however, the duration and broader consequences of this conflict continue to be difficult to predict.

In addition, global economic factors that are beyond our control, have and could continue to impact our operations, including, but are not limited to, supply chain disruptions (including global shipping and logistics challenges that began in 2020), inflationary pressures, economic slowdowns and recessions, natural disasters, public health crises (such as COVID-19), and geopolitical conflicts (such as the conflict in Ukraine).

The ultimate business and financial impacts of oil and gas price volatility and macroeconomic conditions on our business and results of operations continues to be uncertain, but the impacts have included, or may continue to include, among other things, reduced bidding activity; suspension or termination of backlog; deterioration of customer financial condition; and unanticipated project costs and schedule delays due to supply chain disruptions, labor and material price increases, lower labor productivity, increased employee and contractor absenteeism and turnover, craft labor hiring challenges, increased safety incidents, lack of performance by subcontractors and suppliers, and contract disputes. We continue to monitor the impacts of oil and gas price volatility and macroeconomic conditions on our operations, and our estimates in future periods will be revised for any events and changes in circumstances arising after the date of this Report. See Note 1 and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A for further discussion of the impacts of oil and gas price volatility and macroeconomic conditions and Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of the aforementioned on our projects.

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Other Impacts to Operations

Hurricane Ida – During 2021, our operations were impacted by Hurricane Ida, which made landfall near Houma, Louisiana as a high-end Category 4 hurricane, with high winds, heavy rains and storm surge causing significant damage and power outages throughout the region, including damage to our buildings and equipment at our Houma Facilities. See Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of Hurricane Ida.

Ferry Projects – During 2022 and 2021, we experienced construction challenges and cost increases on our seventy-vehicle ferry project and our remaining forty-vehicle ferry project. See Note 2 for further discussion of our project impacts.

Initiatives to Improve Operating Results and Generate Stable, Profitable Growth

During 2020, we outlined a strategy to address our operational, market and economic challenges and position the Company to generate stable, profitable growth. Underpinning the first phase of our strategic transformation was a focus on the following initiatives:

With the significant progress achieved on these objectives, during 2021, we shifted our focus to the next phase of our strategic transformation, which is focused on generating stable, profitable growth. Underpinning this strategy is a focus on the following initiatives:

Progress on our Strategic Transformation Initiatives

Efforts to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on our operations and workforce – We continue to take actions to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on our operations and maintain a safe work environment for our workforce, including maintaining protocols for handling employees who have tested positive for COVID-19 or have come in contact with individuals that have tested positive for COVID-19. In addition, we have protocols for employees to return to work that test positive for COVID-19, including requiring a negative COVID-19 antigen test prior to returning to work.

Efforts to reduce our risk profile – The completion of the Shipyard Transaction improved our risk profile by removing potential future risks associated with the Divested Shipyard Contracts that represented approximately 90% of our backlog with durations that extended through 2024. We are completing construction of the Active Retained Shipyard Contracts within our Houma Facilities and are winding down our Shipyard Division operations, which is anticipated to occur by the second quarter 2023 (subject to the potential schedule impacts further discussed in Note 2). The wind down of our Shipyard Division operations does not include our contracts for the construction of the MPSVs that are subject to our MPSV Litigation. See Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction and our discontinued operations and Note 9 for further discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

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Efforts to preserve and improve our liquidity – We continue to take actions to preserve and improve our liquidity, including cost reduction initiatives, monetization of under-utilized assets and facilities (including the sale of our Harvey Option in 2022 and certain assets held for sale in 2021) and an ongoing focus on project cash flow management. In addition, as a result of the Shipyard Transaction and anticipated wind down of the Shipyard Division operations (which exclude the projects that are subject to our MPSV Litigation), our bonding, letters of credit and working capital requirements related to the Divested Shipyard Contracts and ongoing Shipyard Division operations have been significantly reduced. See Note 4 for further discussion of our Harvey Option, Note 6 for further discussion of our outstanding bonds and letters of credit, Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction and our discontinued operations and Note 9 for further discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

Efforts to improve our resource utilization and centralize key project resources – We have improved our resource utilization and centralized key project resources through the rationalization and integration of our facilities and operations.

Efforts to improve our competitiveness, project execution and bidding discipline – We have taken, and continue to take, actions to improve our competitiveness and project execution by enhancing our proposal, estimating and operations resources, processes and procedures. Our actions include strategic changes in management and key personnel, the addition of functional expertise, project management training, development of a formal “lessons learned” program, and other measures designed to strengthen our personnel, processes and procedures. Further, we are taking a disciplined approach to pursuing and bidding project opportunities, putting more rigor around our bid estimates to provide greater confidence that our estimates are achievable, increasing accountability and providing incentives for the execution of projects in line with our original estimates and subsequent forecasts, and incorporating previous experience into the bidding and execution of future projects. Additionally, we are focused on managing the risks associated with long-term fixed price contracts given the unpredictability of labor availability and labor and material costs, with a priority on increasing the mix of T&M contracts in our backlog.

Efforts to expand our skilled workforce – We are focused on ways to improve retention and enhance and add to our skilled, craft personnel, as we believe a strong workforce will be a key differentiator in pursuing new project awards given the scarcity of available skilled labor. The DSS Acquisition in the fourth quarter 2021 nearly doubled our skilled workforce and expanded our geographic footprint for skilled labor, which we believe will contribute to the retention and recruitment of personnel. We have successfully maintained our headcount levels and have opportunistically looked to shift our workforce to higher margin opportunities given the industry-wide labor constraints.

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Efforts to diversify our offshore services customer base, increase our offshore services offerings and expand our services business to include onshore facilities along the Gulf Coast – We believe diversifying and expanding our services business will deliver a more stable revenue stream while providing underpinning work to recruit, develop and retain our craft professionals. The DSS Acquisition in the fourth quarter 2021 accelerated our progress in this initiative and provides a stronger platform to continue such progress. Further, in the third quarter 2022, we made capital and other investments to expand our offshore services offering to include welding enclosures, which provides a safe environment for welding, cutting and burning without the need to shut down operations. We are also pursuing opportunities to partner with original equipment manufacturers to provide critical services to our customers along the Gulf Coast and strategic partnership opportunities with engineering companies to provide turnkey solutions.

Efforts to pursue opportunities in our traditional offshore fabrication markets – We continue to fabricate structures associated with our traditional offshore markets, including subsea and associated structures. During the third quarter 2022, we were awarded a large contract for the fabrication of jacket foundations for an offshore project.

Efforts to reduce our reliance on the offshore oil and gas construction sector, pursue new growth end markets and increase our T&M versus fixed price revenue mix – While we continue to pursue opportunities in our traditional offshore markets, we are pursuing initiatives to grow our business and diversify our revenue mix.

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Operating Outlook

Our focus remains on securing profitable new project awards and backlog and generating operating income and cash flows, while ensuring the safety and well-being of our workforce. Our success, including achieving the aforementioned initiatives, will be determined by, among other things:

In addition, the near-term utilization of our Fabrication Division will be impacted by the timing of new project awards and their execution, and the suspension of our offshore jackets project, and our operations may continue to be impacted by inefficiencies and disruptions associated with employee turnover, craft labor hiring challenges, engineering delays, and supplier and subcontractor disruptions. Our results may also be adversely affected by (i) costs associated with the retention of certain personnel that may be temporarily under-utilized as we evaluate our resource requirements to support our future operations, (ii) investments in key personnel and process improvement efforts to support our aforementioned initiatives, and (iii) higher costs and availability of craft labor due to industry labor constraints. See Note 1 for further discussion of the impacts of oil and gas price volatility and macroeconomic conditions, “Results of Operations” below and Note 2 for further discussion of our project impacts, and “New Project Awards and Backlog” below and Note 2 for further discussion of the project suspension.

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New Project Awards and Backlog

New project awards represent expected revenue values of commitments received during a given period, including scope growth on existing commitments. A commitment represents authorization from our customer to begin work or purchase materials pursuant to a written agreement, letter of intent or other form of authorization. Backlog represents the unrecognized revenue for our new project awards and at December 31, 2022, was consistent with the value of remaining performance obligations for our contracts required to be disclosed under Topic 606 and presented in Note 2. In general, a performance obligation is a contractual obligation to construct and/or transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. We believe that backlog, a non-GAAP financial measure, provides useful information to investors as it represents work that we are obligated to perform under our current contracts. New project awards and backlog may vary significantly each reporting period based on the timing of our major new contract commitments.

Projects in our backlog are generally subject to delay, suspension, termination, or an increase or decrease in scope at the option of the customer; however, the customer is required to pay us for work performed and materials purchased through the date of termination, suspension, or decrease in scope. Depending on the size of the project, the delay, suspension, termination or increase or decrease in scope of any one contract could significantly impact our backlog and change the expected amount and timing of revenue recognized. New project awards by operating segment for 2022 and 2021, are as follows (in thousands):

Backlog by operating segment at December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows (in thousands):

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Critical Accounting Policies

Our Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) which require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We continually evaluate our estimates and judgments based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We also discuss the development and selection of our critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

General – Our revenue is derived from customer contracts and agreements that are awarded on a competitively bid and negotiated basis using a range of contracting options, including fixed-price, unit-rate, T&M and cost-reimbursable, or a combination thereof. Our contracts primarily relate to the fabrication of steel structures and modules, and certain service arrangements. We recognize revenue from our contracts in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”).

Topic 606 requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, provisions of Topic 606 specify which goods and services are distinct and represent separate performance obligations (representing the unit of account in Topic 606) within a contract and which goods and services (which could include multiple contracts or agreements) should be aggregated. In general, a performance obligation is a contractual obligation to construct and/or transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The transaction price of a contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue for performance obligations satisfied over time are recognized as the work progresses. Revenue for performance obligations that do not meet the criteria for over time recognition are recognized at a point-in-time when a performance obligation is complete and a customer has obtained control of a promised asset.

Long-term Contracts Satisfied Over Time – Revenue for our long-term contracts is recognized using the POC method based on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs (an input method). Fixed-price contracts, or contracts with a more significant fixed-price component, generally provide us with greater control over project schedule and the timing of when work is performed and costs are incurred, and accordingly, when revenue is recognized. Unit-rate, T&M and cost-reimbursable contracts generally have more variability in the scope of work and provide our customers with greater influence over the timing of when we perform our work, and accordingly, such contracts often result in less predictability with respect to the timing of when revenue is recognized. Contract costs include direct costs, such as materials and labor, and indirect costs attributable to contract activity. Material costs that are significant to a contract and do not reflect an accurate measure of project completion are excluded from the determination of our contract progress. Revenue for such materials is only recognized to the extent of costs incurred. Revenue and gross profit or loss for contracts accounted for using the POC method can be significantly affected by changes in estimated cost to complete such contracts. Significant estimates impacting the cost to complete a contract include: forecast costs of engineering, materials, equipment and subcontracts; forecast costs of labor and labor productivity; schedule durations, including subcontractor and supplier progress; contract disputes, including claims; achievement of contractual performance requirements; and contingency, among others. Although our customers retain the right and ability to change, modify or discontinue further work at any stage of a contract, in the event our customers discontinue work, they are required to compensate us for the work performed to date. The cumulative impact of revisions in total cost estimates during the progress of work is reflected in the period in which these changes become known, including, to the extent required, the reversal of profit recognized in prior periods and the recognition of losses expected to be incurred on contracts. Due to the various estimates inherent in our contract accounting, actual results could differ from those estimates, which could result in material changes to our Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Short-term Contracts and Contracts Satisfied at a Point In Time – Revenue for our short-term contracts (which includes revenue associated with our master services arrangements) and contracts that do not satisfy the criteria for revenue recognition over time is recognized when the work is performed or when control of the asset is transferred, the related costs are incurred and collection is reasonably assured. The consideration from the customer directly corresponds to the value of our performance completed at the time of invoicing.

Variable Consideration – Revenue and gross profit or loss for contracts can be significantly affected by variable consideration, which can be in the form of unapproved change orders, claims (including amounts arising from disputes with customers), incentives and liquidated damages that may not be resolved until the later stages of the contract or after the contract has been completed. Variable consideration can also include revenue associated with work performed on a unit-rate, T&M or cost-reimbursable basis that is recognized using the POC method. We estimate variable consideration based on the amount we expect to be entitled and include estimated amounts in transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when we conclude that any significant uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

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See Note 1 for further discussion of our revenue recognition policy and Note 2 for further discussion of projects with significant changes in estimated margins during 2022 and 2021 and discussion of unapproved change orders, claims, incentives and liquidated damages for our projects.

Acquisition-Related Purchase Price Allocation

The Purchase Price associated with the DSS Acquisition was allocated to the major categories of assets and liabilities acquired based upon estimates of their fair values at the Acquisition Date, which were based, in part, upon outside appraisals for certain assets, including property and equipment and specifically-identifiable intangible assets. The excess of the Purchase Price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. See Note 4 for further discussion of the DSS Acquisition.

Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill – Goodwill (associated with the DSS Acquisition) is not amortized, but instead is reviewed for impairment at least annually at a reporting unit level, absent any indicators of impairment or when other actions require an impairment assessment (such as a change in reporting units). We perform our annual impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of each year based upon balances as of October 1. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than its fair value, we perform a quantitative impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, and we recognize an impairment charge to the extent its carrying value exceeds its fair value. To determine the fair value of our reporting unit and test for impairment, we utilize an income approach (discounted cash flow method) as we believe this is the most direct approach to incorporate the specific economic attributes and risk profile of our reporting unit into our valuation model. If, based on future assessments, our goodwill is deemed to be impaired, the impairment would result in a charge to our operating results in the period of impairment. See Note 4 for further discussion of the DSS Acquisition and related goodwill impairment assessment.

Other Long-Lived Assets – Our property, plant and equipment, lease assets (included within other noncurrent assets) and finite-lived intangible assets (associated with the DSS Acquisition) are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If a recoverability assessment is required, we compare the estimated future undiscounted cash flow associated with the asset or asset group to its carrying amount to determine if an impairment exists. An asset group constitutes the minimum level for which identifiable cash flows are principally independent of the cash flows of other assets or asset groups. An impairment loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount and the excess of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group over its fair value is recorded as an impairment charge. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, appraised values or third-party indications of value, as appropriate. We had no indicators of impairment during 2022. See Note 2 for discussion of our long-lived asset impairments associated with Hurricane Ida, Note 3 for discussion of our long-lived asset impairments within discontinued operations, Note 4 for discussion of the DSS Acquisition and related long-lived assets impairment assessment, and Note 5 for further discussion of our corporate office lease asset impairment.

Income Taxes

Income taxes have been provided for using the liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Due to state income tax laws related to the apportionment of revenue for our projects, judgment is required to estimate the effective tax rate expected to apply to tax differences that are expected to reverse in the future.

A valuation allowance is provided to reserve for deferred tax assets (“DTA(s)”) if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the DTAs will not be realized. The realization of our DTAs depends on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and in the appropriate jurisdictions.

Reserves for uncertain tax positions are recognized when we consider it more likely than not that additional tax will be due in excess of amounts reflected in our income tax returns, irrespective of whether or not we have received tax assessments. Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are recorded within income tax expense. See Note 7 for further discussion of our income taxes, DTAs, and valuation allowance.

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Stock-Based Compensation

Awards under our stock-based compensation plans are calculated using a fair value-based measurement method. We use the straight-line and graded vesting methods to recognize share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the award. We recognize the excess tax benefit or tax deficiency resulting from the difference between the deduction we receive for tax purposes and the stock-based compensation expense we recognize for financial reporting purposes created when common stock vests, as an income tax benefit or expense in our Statement of Operations. See Note 8 for further discussion of our stock-based and other compensation plans.

Insurance

We maintain insurance coverage for various aspects of our business and operations. However, we may be exposed to future losses due to coverage limitations and our use of deductibles and self-insured retentions for our exposures related to property and equipment damage, builders’ risk, third-party liability, and workers’ compensation and USL&H claims. We expect liabilities in excess of any deductibles and self-insured retentions to be covered by insurance; however, because we do not have an offset right, we have recorded a liability for estimated amounts in excess of our deductibles, and have recorded a corresponding asset related to estimated insurance recoveries, on our Balance Sheet. To the extent we are self-insured, reserves are recorded based upon our estimates, with input from legal and insurance advisors. Changes in assumptions, as well as changes in actual experience, could cause these estimates to change. See Note 2 for discussion of insurance deductibles incurred during 2022 and 2021 associated with damage caused by Hurricanes Ida.

Fair Value Measurements

Our fair value determinations for financial assets and liabilities are based on the particular facts and circumstances. Financial instruments are required to be categorized within a valuation hierarchy based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of the valuation hierarchy are as follows:

See Note 1 for further discussion of our fair value measurements.

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Results of Operations – Comparison of 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except for percentages)

We determined the Shipyard Division operations associated with the Shipyard Transaction, and associated with certain previously closed Shipyard Division facilities, to be discontinued operations in 2021. Accordingly, such consolidated and segment operating results for 2021 have been classified as discontinued operations. We had no material operating results of discontinued operations for 2022. See Note 3 for further discussion of the Shipyard Transaction and our discontinued operations.

Consolidated

Consolidated operating results for 2021 include the results of the DSS Business beginning on December 1, 2021, the Acquisition Date of the DSS Business. See Note 4 for further discussion of the DSS Acquisition.

New project awards – New project awards for 2022 and 2021 were $240.2 million and $66.5 million, respectively. New project awards for 2022 were primarily related to:

New project awards for 2021 were primarily related to offshore services work for our Services Division and small-scale fabrication work for our Fabrication Division.

Revenue – Revenue for 2022 and 2021 was $142.3 million and $93.5 million, respectively, representing an increase of 52.3%. The increase was primarily due to:

Higher revenue for our Services Division of $46.5 million, primarily attributable to:

Higher revenue for our Fabrication Division of $7.0 million, primarily attributable to:

Lower revenue for our Shipyard Division of $5.2 million, primarily attributable to:

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Gross profit – Gross profit for 2022 and 2021 was $7.9 million (5.5% of revenue) and $1.7 million (1.8% of revenue), respectively. Gross profit for 2022 was primarily impacted by:

The increase in gross profit for 2022 relative to 2021 was primarily due to:

See “Operating Segments” below and Note 2 for further discussion of our project impacts.

General and administrative expense – General and administrative expense for 2022 and 2021 was $18.2 million and $11.8 million, respectively, representing an increase of 53.7%. The increase was primarily due to:

General and administrative expense included legal and advisory fees of $4.5 million and $0.9 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with our MPSV Litigation, which are reflected within our Shipyard Division. See Note 9 for further discussion of our MPSV Litigation.

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Other (income) expense, net – Other (income) expense, net for 2022 and 2021 was income of $6.9 million and expense of $3.3 million, respectively. Other (income) expense, net generally represents recoveries or provisions for bad debts, gains or losses associated with the sale or disposition of property and equipment, and income or expense associated with certain nonrecurring items. Other income for 2022 was primarily due to:

Other expense for 2021 was primarily due to:

See Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of Hurricane Ida.

Gain from extinguishment of debt – Gain from extinguishment of debt for 2021 was $9.1 million and was related to the SBA’s forgiveness of $8.9 million of our PPP Loan, plus accrued interest. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below and Note 6 for further discussion of our PPP Loan forgiveness.

Interest (expense) income, net – Interest (expense) income, net for 2022 and 2021 was income of $0.1 million and expense of $0.4 million, respectively. Interest (expense) income, net for both periods included the net impact of interest earned on our cash and short-term investment balances and interest incurred on the unused portion of our LC Facility. The 2022 period also included interest incurred on our Insurance Finance Arrangement, and the 2021 period included interest incurred on our PPP Loan and the write-off of deferred financing costs in connection with an amendment to our LC Facility. The income for 2022 relative to expense for 2021 was primarily due to higher interest earned on our cash and short-term investment balances for the 2022 period and the additional expense items for the 2021 period. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below and Note 6 for further discussion of our Insurance Finance Arrangement, LC Facility and PPP Loan.

Income tax (expense) benefit – Income tax (expense) benefit for 2022 and 2021 represents state income taxes. No federal income tax benefit was recorded for our losses for either period as a full valuation allowance was recorded against our net deferred tax assets generated during the periods.

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Operating Segments

Services Division

Operating results for our Services Division for 2021 include the results of the DSS Business beginning on December 1, 2021, the Acquisition Date of the DSS Business. See Note 4 for further discussion of the DSS Acquisition.

New project awards – New project awards for 2022 and 2021 were $85.8 million and $38.2 million, respectively, and were primarily related to offshore services work, with the increase due to incremental new project awards associated with the DSS Business and increased offshore services activity.

Revenue – Revenue for 2022 and 2021 was $87.0 million and $40.6 million, respectively, representing an increase of 114.6%. The increase was primarily due to:

Gross profit – Gross profit for 2022 and 2021 was $11.2 million (12.9% of revenue) and $5.7 million (14.0% of revenue), respectively. The increase in gross profit for 2022 relative to 2021 was primarily due to:

General and administrative expense – General and administrative expense for 2022 and 2021 was $3.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, representing an increase of 117.3%. The increase was primarily due to incremental administrative costs associated with the DSS Business, including amortization of intangible assets, and higher incentive plan costs.

Other (income) expense, net – Other (income) expense, net for 2022 and 2021 was expense of $0.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Other expense for 2021 was primarily due to:

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Fabrication Division

New project awards – New project awards for 2022 and 2021 were $154.2 million and $29.6 million, respectively, and were primarily related to the fabrication of jacket foundations for an offshore project and small-scale fabrication work.

Revenue – Revenue for 2022 and 2021 was $48.3 million and $41.3 million, respectively, representing an increase of 16.8%. The increase was primarily due to:

Gross profit (loss) – Gross loss for 2022 was $0.3 million (0.6% of revenue) and gross profit for 2021 was $0.5 million (1.2% of revenue). The gross loss for 2022 was primarily due to:

The gross loss for 2022 relative to gross profit for 2021 was primarily due to:

The Fabrication Division utilization for 2022 and 2021 benefited by $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, from providing resources and facilities to our Shipyard Division for our seventy-vehicle ferry and two forty-vehicle ferry projects. See Note 2 for further discussion of our project impacts.

General and administrative expense – General and administrative expense for 2022 and 2021 was $2.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, representing an increase of 25.1%. The increase was primarily due to higher business development and incentive plan costs.

Other (income) expense, net – Other (income) expense, net for 2022 and 2021 was income of $7.5 million and expense of $1.9 million, respectively. Other income for 2022 was primarily due to gains of $7.5 million from insurance recoveries associated with damage previously caused by Hurricane Ida to buildings and equipment at our Houma Facilities. Other expense for 2021 was primarily due to:

See Note 2 for further discussion of the impacts of Hurricane Ida.

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Shipyard Division